System, method, and program product for delivering medical services from a remote location

ABSTRACT

A system, program product, and methods related to enhanced medical services delivery to geographically distributed patient populations by remotely located physicians are provided. An embodiment of the system includes a remote medical services server, a plurality of patient electronic medical records stored in the memory of the remote medical services server, and a remote medical services program product stored in the memory of the remote medical services server adapted to access the plurality of patient electronic medical records to thereby allow display of and data entry in a selected patient electronic medical record. A patient medical service delivery station captures patient video images and displays remote physician video images. A remote physician medical service delivery suite in communication with the patient medical service delivery station through the communications network captures remote physician video images and displays patient video images and patient electronic medical records, to allow the remote physician to perform remote patient medical service delivery.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of and claims priority to andthe benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/415,936, now U.S.Pat. No. ______ filed on May 2, 2006, titled “System, Method and ProgramProduct for Delivering Medical Services From A Remote Location,” whichclaims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/677,709, filed May 4, 2005, titled “System, Methodand Program Product for Delivering Medical Services From A RemoteLocation”, bath of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of The Invention

The present invention relates to medical service industries and morespecifically, to systems, methods, and program products for deliveringmedical services from remote locations.

2. Description of the Related Art

Typically, when a person suffers an illness or injury, that person musthave transportation to a medical facility for diagnosis and treatment ofthe illness or injury. Managed healthcare is an important serviceprovided to various non-medical facilities or institutions, such as, forexample, correctional facilities, remote military or scientific bases,and large ships e.g. factory and cruise ships, etc., that have a patientclinic and/or a patient infirmary. Most of such facilities do not,however, have the internal resources to fully provide for all thebranches of patient care. Further, smaller communities may be unable toafford a properly staffed medical facility or hospital, may not haveenough of a population to support various medical specialties typicallyserviced by specialist physicians, or may have both adequate finding andpopulation but nevertheless may have an inadequately staffed medicalfacilities due to physician recruiting difficulties.

In less modern times, the delivery of medical services did not requirethe level of training and education that is required today. For example,historically, most severing wound infections were treated throughamputation rather than application of a regiment of antibiotics and/orlocalized surgery. Due to the advances in modern medicine, the number ofillnesses and injuries that can now be treated have significantlyincreased while the number of properly trained in educated physicians,especially specialist physicians, have not kept pace. As a result, thedifficulty of providing timely and cost efficient patient access to suchmedical professionals has become increasingly complicated, especially inthe various non-medical facilities, institutions, and communities,described above, that are unable to support their own fully staffedhospital staffed with a sufficient number of physicians to provideadequate coverage for each medical specialty.

For this reason, facilities such as, for example, most largecorrectional facilities, outsource healthcare to external entities.Other facilities, such as smaller correctional facilities, remotemilitary bases, and the various types of ships, along with smallcommunities, generally either outsource healthcare to the externalentities or contract with the external entities to have the requisitemedical professionals visit their facilities to perform their respectivemedical services. Even through the use of outsourcing and the use ofexternal contracts, generally there is still an insufficient pool ofspecialist physicians. Further, even when there is adequate physicianresources, under normal conditions, there is generally an insufficientpool of substitute physicians to provide coverage where a physician issick or otherwise unable to service his or her appointment schedule.

Also, even when a substitute physician or specialist physician isavailable, a significant amount of such physician's time is wasted intransporting the physicians between their “home” location and thelocation of the patient. Thus, patients often either need to betransported great distances in order to obtain such services, maximizingthe available time of the physician, or the physician is transported tothe patients, the result being a fewer number of patients are providedservice than would otherwise be, corresponding to the time delay intransporting the physician to the patients.

The concept of telemedicine has been in existence for several years andis used widely throughout the country. Such systems, however, aredifficult to use, provide poor imaging quality, and either do notprovide for real-time feedback between the patient and physician orprovide insufficient feedback such that it can not be considered asufficient substitute for an in-person scheduled routine visit. Further,because telemedicine in its current form does not properly integrate theuse of electronic medical records, pharmacy formularies, or medicalprotocols that reduce the need for discretion on the part of a patientcare provider, they provide for an ineffective and non-standardizedutilization of the physician resources. Still further, because suchsystems tend to be implemented either ad hoc, provide block-timephysician availability, or are merely established to monitor a patient'scondition without real-time patient-physician interactivity, they do notlend themselves to provide cost efficient utilization and prioritizationof a remotely positioned physician's available time. Stated another way,they do not provide a physician centered system for deliveringhealthcare, and thus, ineffectively utilize limited physician resources;the result being difficulty in a patient obtaining desired medicalservices and increased costs in obtaining such service, when available.

Thus, there is a need for an integrated healthcare delivery system thatbrings healthcare to the patient rather than the patient to healthcareby utilizing 21st century technology. Particularly, there is a need foran integrated healthcare delivery system capable of providing medicalservices delivery to a patient by a remotely separated physician of suchquality and functionality that it can be considered an equivalent if notsuperior substitute for an in-person consultation. Further, there is aneed for an integrated healthcare delivery system that integrates theconcept of telemedicine with electronic medical technology, medicalprotocols, and electronic billing to provide healthcare to patientsanytime and anywhere from a remote facility and in both a resourceefficient and a cost efficient manner.

In addition to the need for such an integrated healthcare deliverysystem that provides for communication between the physician and thepatient, federal regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portabilityand Accountability Act (HIPAA), related to confidentiality and privacyof individual health records, have created an additional complicatingfactor for those involved in dealing with medical records in theprovision of medical services. The medical records, whether in paper orelectronic form, are required to be kept confidential and safeguards arerequired to be taken to protect such records. For example, manyproviders have a stated policy prohibiting transfer of informationrelated to an individual's medical record by facsimile transmissionbecause they do not deem this to be a secure transmittal method.Security measures are required to be implemented by those providinghealthcare services to limit or control access to confidential medicalrecords. Thus, there is also a need for an integrated healthcaredelivery system that can allow for private secure communication ofhealthcare data between the physician and the patient and throughout thesystem.

Although generally management of chronic diseases is enhanced bymaintaining a proper medication regiment, little data is available toperform statistical analysis to determine to what extent deviations froma proper medication regiment effect management of such chronic diseases.Even with the advent of electronic medical records, data is oftencreated and placed sporadically in different records situated at remotelocations, making such data difficult to access for analysis.

In connection with special facilities such as, for example, nursinghomes, assisted living facilities, and correctional facilities, however,data related to patients is maintained to provide the respectivefacilities with accurate administrative records. Such facilities thathave implemented record keeping using electronic records also maintainelectronic medical records or medical histories of the patients. Themedical records typically have been developed and maintained either bythe facilities or by a third party that has been providing healthcareservices for the facility system. As described in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/806,878 by Clements et al., titled“Pharmaceutical Inventory and Dispensation Computer System and Methods,”incorporated by reference, the electronic medical records can be used toaccurately record such events as, for example, provider visit results,prescription histories, lab work results, and the like.

Medicinal administrators within such facilities are also required tomaintain records associated with the physical administration anddispensation of prescribed medication to patients. With respect tocorrectional facilities, for example, inmates by law must have propermedical care while in the custody of the correctional facilities.Inmates historically have filed lawsuits against the correctionalfacilities claiming that they have been denied proper medical care. Toprovide sufficient evidence that the correctional facilities has exertedits best efforts to provide proper medical care, the correctionalfacilities can maintain records indicating the time, type, and dosage ofmedication that was administered to an inmate. A prison guard, presentduring medication administration, ensures that the inmate actuallyconsumed the prescribed medication, unless, as in rare circumstances,the inmate was allowed to keep the medication on his or her person,which is referred to keep-on-person medication. The correctionalfacility can further keep records indicating whether or not the inmatehas actually consumed the medication.

These medical records, and those associated with the other forms ofspecial facilities, can be so specific that, with proper masking of thedata with respect to the identification of the patient, researchers canhave a readily available database of highly accurate medicationadministrations including medication route, dose, frequency, duration;and most importantly, compliance, for a plethora of medications that canallow for long-term studies on such medications generated literally at a“moments notice” and without the requisite time delay of forming a testgroup in order to formulate and execute such studies. Further, due tothe use of electronic medical records, this concept could be applied toan entire integrated healthcare system whereby such data can be kept forother members of the populace serviced by such a system, if such systemwere in existence. Thus, clearly there is a need for an integratedhealthcare system that accurately stores patient medicationadministration data in electronic medical records adequate to providefor statistical analysis of various medications dependent upon thevarious delivery attributes including medication administrationcompliance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing, various embodiments of the present inventionadvantageously provide a system, methods, and program product that candeliver enhanced medical services delivery to geographically distributedpatient populations by remotely separated physicians. Variousembodiments of the present invention provide an integrated healthcaredelivery system capable of providing medical services delivery to apatient by a remotely separated physician of such quality andfunctionality to provide an enhanced substitute for an in-personface-to-face consultation. Various embodiments of the present inventionprovide an integrated healthcare delivery system developed and enhancedby physicians and information technologists that overcomes thechallenges of physician availability (or lack thereof), that integratesthe concept of telemedicine with electronic medical technology includingelectronic medical records, medical protocols, electronic billing, andpharmacy services, and that is equally applicable to theMedicare/Medicaid and private healthcare patients, to thereby providebasic patient healthcare services to patients from a remote physicianlocation or facility to a patient at a remote patient location, in botha resource efficient and a cost efficient manner.

For example, various embodiments of the present invention include asystem used to provide medical expertise, e.g., primary and specializedhealthcare, from a remotely located physician to remote communities orcommunities of patients in isolation—including rural communities, cruiseships, prison populations, and to home-based and deployed militarypersonnel including those deployed on ships, as well as those inbarracks or field environments. Also for example, according to variousembodiments of the system, a pharmacy can receive a prescription orderfor the system, check for patient allergies, alert the physician toharmful drug interactions, check the drug formulary, and send theprescription to any pharmacy of the patient's choosing. Improvedinformation access is also provided for management and administrativefunctions including operations and financial management. For example,billing and remittances can be sent and received electronically and areinstantly available, making the system essentially paperless.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a system includinga virtual physician's office, referred to as a remote physician medicalservice delivery suite, that can deliver both primary and specialty carefrom an environment that resembles a high tech office suite. The suitecan provide instant access to a medical library and to a pharmacysystem. An electronic medical record, which can contain the sameinformation as a patient's chart, can be updated real-time with patientdata including laboratory and radiological reports. X-rays are viewableon the screen at the touch of a button. After electronically examiningthe patient, the physician can use voice recognition technology todictate his notes from the appointment. In addition to primary care(general practice and internal medicine), various types of medicalspecialties supported can include orthopedics, dermatology, cardiology,infectious diseases, and psychiatry, etc.

A corresponding patient medical service delivery station typically inthe form of a delivery cart or integrated delivery table is positionedat a patient treatment location. The patient's station can incorporate alight table that enables the physician to view a recent x-ray or an ECGreceived from another source. The physician, for example, need onlytouch buttons on a control panel in his virtual office to place thelight table's subject into the electronic medical record. The patient'sstation includes either one or two video monitors that allow the patientto see the physician and him/herself. An electronic multi-functionalmedical camera scope, used to see the patient's throat or ears, and anelectronic stethoscope for transmitting heart sounds for diagnosticpurposes, are also part of the patient's station. The physician maycapture information from these devices and record it in the electronicmedical record as a digital image. The patient's station can includelockable cabinets to prevent equipment theft or damage that wouldotherwise cause an interruption in a scheduled appointment. Further,each piece of the patient's station equipment is preferably modular toenhance ease of replacing a malfunctioning unit to minimize downtime,thus, helping to prevent any interruption in a scheduled appointment.

Various embodiments of the present invention utilize broadband orsatellite telecommunications network to support a live interactive videoimage between the patient and the physician. According to variousembodiments of the present invention, the network can be a completelydedicated network referred to as a private physician's network andhaving no outside connections, that can allow for private securecommunication of healthcare data between the physician and the patientand throughout the system, ensuring that patient information cannot beaccessed from a computer terminal not sitting on this network. Theprivate physician's network further can provide security features suchas, for example, custom encryption software components incorporating useof a rolling security key concept designed to ensure complete securityof each communication within the private physician's network.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a system ofenhanced medical services delivery to a patient located at a patientclinic by a remotely separated physician located at a remote physiciansite. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention a systemincludes one or more remote medical information management computersincluding memory to store data therein to thereby define a remotemedical services server. A database associated with the remote medicalservices server includes a plurality of patient electronic medicalrecords which provide a single consolidated medical service deliveryrecord for a corresponding plurality of patients. Each record isaccessible by a patient clinic medical service provider, a medicalservices scheduler, a utilization review or case management nurse, andthe remote physician. The system also includes a remote medical servicesprogram product stored in the memory of the remote medical servicesserver. The program product includes a set of instructions adapted toaccept remote input from medical personnel to access the plurality ofpatient electronic medical records, to thereby allow display of and dataentry in a selected patient electronic medical record.

A dedicated communications link, in communication with the remotemedical services server, provides dedicated communications between apatient treatment location and the remote physician site located remotefrom the patient treatment location. The dedicated communications linkis provided to establish a private network connection between thepatient treatment location and the remote physician site, defining aprivate physician's network. A plurality of patient medical servicedelivery stations is also provided. Each patient medical servicedelivery station is preferably positioned in a patient clinic located atthe patient treatment location or customer site, and is in communicationwith the remote medical services server through the private physician'snetwork. Each station has a video conferencing device including a videoinput and audio input device to capture detailed patient video imagesand patient audio, and a video display device positioned to be monitoredby the patient clinic medical service provider and/or viewed by thepatient to provide positive feedback, in the form of both video andaudio, between a remote physician and the patient.

The system also includes at least one but preferably a plurality ofremote physician medical service delivery suites positioned remote fromthe patient clinic at the remote physician site and in communicationwith the remote medical services server and each of the plurality ofpatient medical service delivery stations through the privatephysician's network. Each suite includes a video conferencing deviceincluding a video input and audio input device to capture video imagesand audio of the remote physician, and a video display device positionedto be monitored by the physician to provide patient audio and to displaysimultaneously patient areas of interest and patient electronic medicalrecords, to thereby allow the remote physician to perform remote patientmedical service delivery through the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite and a respective patient medical service deliverystation. Particularly, each suite can include a first video displaydevice configured to display near images of a patient area of interestof the selected patient, a second video display device configured todisplay far images of the patient area of interest of the selectedpatient, and at least one that typically multiple electronic medicalrecord video display devices (e.g. screens) configured to display to theremote physician at least portions of the selected patient electronicmedical record of the selected patient simultaneously with the near andfar images when operating the remote physician medical service deliverysuite with the respective medical service delivery station.

Correspondingly, the remote medical services program product can includeinstructions that when executed by the remote medical services servercause the remote medical services server to perform the variousoperations including providing data to display a real-time near videoimage of the selected patient received from the patient medical servicedelivery station on a video screen of the first video display device ofthe remote physician medical service delivery suite, providing data todisplay a real-time far video image of the preselected patient receivedfrom the patient medical service delivery station on a video screen ofthe second video display device of the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite, and providing data to display the electronic medicalrecord of the selected patient on a video screen of the at least oneelectronic medical record video display device of the remote physicianmedical service delivery suite, to provide for simultaneously displayingboth the real-time near and far video images and the electronic medicalrecord of the patient to the remote physician when the remote physicianis providing remote physician medical services responsive to operationof the remote physician medical service delivery suite with the patientmedical service delivery station.

The system also includes at least one medical services schedulercomputer positioned remote from the patient treatment location, incommunication with the remote medical services server. The medicalservices scheduler computer includes memory and software stored in thememory adapted to provide access to the remote medical services programproduct, to allow further screening of the remote physician medicalservices request, examination of remote physician schedule availability,and scheduling of a remote physician and a patient clinic medicalservice provider, to thereby initiate remote patient medical servicedelivery to a preselected patient through one of the plurality ofpatient medical service delivery stations at a preselected time.

The system also includes at least one utilization review or casemanagement nurse computer positioned remote from the treatment location,in communication with the remote medical services server. Theutilization review or case management nurse computer includes memory andsoftware stored in the memory adapted to provide access to the remotemedical services program product. For utilization review, theutilization review or case management nurse can display predeterminedphysician screening criteria to evaluate a physician services request,comparing the patient clinical data against the predetermined screeningcriteria. For case management, the utilization review or case managementnurse can display the electronic medical record to review medicalservice delivery and to obtain follow-up patient disposition data.

Various embodiments of the present invention include a method ofproviding enhanced medical services delivery by a remote physician to apatient being serviced in a facility having a medical service providerand a patient medical service delivery station. For example, in anembodiment of the present invention a method includes initiating aremote physician medical service delivery encounter by connecting aremote physician medical service delivery suite to the patient medicalservice delivery station through a network, the medical service providerassigned to the patient medical service delivery station and the remotephysician assigned to a remote physician medical service delivery suite.The method also includes displaying on a remote physician medicalservice delivery suite videoscreen an electronic medical record of thepatient, and providing to the remote physician audio data and visualdata of the patient, patient areas of interest, and the medical serviceprovider (e.g., physician extender) in the form of both real-time livenear video images and real-time live far video images, through theremote physician medical service delivery suite and the patient medicalservice delivery station, simultaneously while displaying the electronicmedical record, along with others.

Various embodiments of the present invention include a method ofproviding enhanced medical services delivery by a remote specialistphysician to a patient being serviced in a facility having a medicalservice provider and a patient medical service delivery station. Forexample, in an embodiment of the present invention a method includesevaluating a patient medical services request, comparing patientclinical information contained in the patient medical services requestagainst predetermined screening criteria; generating an automatedauthorization, responsive to approval data recordation; accessing apatient electronic medical record and admitting the patient to add thepatient to a remote physician medical service delivery schedule, tothereby initiate a remote patient medical service encounter with thescheduled remote specialist physician; and providing remote patientmedical service delivery through the patient medical service deliverystation and a remote physician medical service delivery suite remotelypositioned with the scheduled remote specialist physician.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a method ofgenerating revenue from and reducing physician costs in providingmedical services to a special facility having a patient clinic. Forexample, in an embodiment of the present invention a method includescontracting for or otherwise establishing a plurality of physical orvirtual telecommunication links, e.g., dedicated lines each seriallyconnected or a virtual private network tunnel established over theInternet or other public broadband, between a remote physician facilityand a special facility, e.g., assisted living facility, nursingfacility, remote patient clinic, or correctional facility, to therebyestablish a private network connection between the remote physicianfacility and the special facility, defining a physician's privatenetwork. Further, each remote physician facility can be connected to aplurality of separate substantially similar private networks. Referringto a correctional facility for illustrative purposes, the method alsoincludes establishing patient electronic medical records in a structureddatabase for each pre-identified prison inmate or patient/potentialpatient in the facility, the database partitioned such that onlyentities connected to the physician's private network can access theelectronic medical records for the particular facility. The method alsoincludes establishing a specific identifier, e.g., an IP address, andpassword for a patient medical service delivery station positioned inthe facility; and establishing a communications interface with a remotemedical services program product stored in memory of a remote medicalservices server associated with the remote physician facility, theinterface adapted to accept remote input from correctional facilitymedical personnel to access the patient electronic medical records. Themethod further includes establishing a communications interface betweena remote physician medical service delivery suite located at the remotephysician facility and the patient medical service delivery stationpositioned in the facility, the interface adapted to provide a video andaudio connection between the remote physician medical service deliverysuite and the patient medical service delivery station.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a method ofgenerating revenue from a patient medication compliance knowledgebase.For example, in an embodiment of the present invention a method includesproviding a database stored in memory of a computer for maintaining aplurality of patient specific electronic medical records for individualpatients including data indicating a patient medication prescriptionhistory for a plurality of prescribed medications having a predeterminedset of delivery attributes and a corresponding patient prescriptionadministration compliance history for the prescribed medications; andproviding access to the database to perform a statistical analysis studyon at least one of the plurality of prescribed medications, the studyincluding analysis of medication compliance with at least one of thedelivery attributes.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a computer readablemedium that is readable by a computer to provide enhanced medicalservices delivery by a remote physician to a patient being serviced in afacility having a patient medical service delivery station. For example,a computer readable medium can include a set of instructions that whenexecuted by a computer cause the computer to perform the operations ofestablishing a communications link in between a remote physician medicalservice delivery suite and the patient medical service delivery stationthrough a communications network, providing data to display on a firstremote physician medical service delivery suite video screen anelectronic medical record of the patient, providing data to display on asecond remote physician medical service delivery suite video screen areal-time near video image of the patient, and providing data to displayon a third remote physician medical service delivery suite video screena real-time far video image of the patient transmitted from the patientmedical service delivery station, to thereby provide for simultaneouslydisplaying to the remote physician both the electronic medical recordand the real-time near and far video images of the patient.

The system is more than a mere improvement over existing technologybecause it uses integrated electronic medical records; pharmacyformularies and medical protocols that reduce the need for discretion onthe part of the patient care provider. The system includes use ofsophisticated instrumentation, such as large plasma television screens,as compared to the PC monitors used in ordinary telemedicine operations.The system is also unique in that it utilizes a specially developed cartor table that allows a medical encounter to occur anywhere the cart ortable can be provided, and inputs the details of this encounter into anelectronic medical record that can be made available to the patient andsubsequent providers anytime, anywhere. Both primary and specialty careconsultations are available through the virtual physician office. Thesystem has the capability to reach from a single location multiplepatients forming patient populations separated by geography, facility,insurance plan, or other factors. The specialized medical peripherals,such as medical cameras and tele-stethoscopy devices (which allow heartsounds to be transmitted remotely with diagnostic quality) are part ofthe remote physician medical services component.

Further, the system can store patient medication administration data inelectronic medical records adequate to provide for statistical analysisof various medications dependent upon the various delivery attributesincluding medication administration compliance and allows forstatistical analysis to determine a patient cost index for enhancingremote medical service contract bidding and forecasting expected patientmedical costs. Further, the electronic medical records allow for apatient cost sub-index to determine costs based on patient attributes.Through data analysis, the system is flexible enough to provide customtailored customer facility staffing of medical service providersdependent upon such factors as, for example, the facility potentialpatient population, medical condition of the facility members (typicallyanalyzed through use of the electronic medical records), customerbudget, and temporal coverage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the features and advantages of theinvention, as well as others which will become apparent, may beunderstood in more detail, a more particular description of theinvention briefly summarized above may be had by reference to theembodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings,which form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however,that the drawings illustrate only various embodiments of the inventionand are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention's scopeas it may include other effective embodiments as well.

FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram of system according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1B is a schematic block diagram of system according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2A-B is a schematic block diagram providing details of selectedportions of the system shown in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2C is a schematic block diagram providing an alternativeconfiguration of FIG. 2B according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a patient medical service deliverystation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is an environmental perspective view of a patient medicalservice delivery station according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3C is an environmental perspective view of a patientself-administering medication before a patient medical service deliverystation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an environmental perspective view of a physician medicalservice delivery suite according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a system according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 5B is a schematic view of a system according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 5C is a schematic view of a system according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 6A-B is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing, enhancedmedical service delivery according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedmedical service delivery according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedhospital medical service delivery according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedemergency medical service delivery according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing, enhancedmedical service delivery in the form of an emergency room evaluationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedhospital medical service delivery according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 12A-12D are schematic flow diagrams of a method of providingenhanced medical service delivery in the form of scheduled medicalservices according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedmedical service delivery according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedmedical service delivery in the form of laboratory services according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of providing enhancedhospital medical service delivery according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic flow diagram of a method to enhance medicalservice delivery according to an embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 17 is a schematic flow diagram of a method to enhance medicalservice delivery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate variousembodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodiedin many different forms and should not be construed as limited to theillustrated embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments areprovided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and willfully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Prime notation, if used,indicates similar elements in alternative embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1A-17, various embodiments of the present inventionprovide a system 30 that includes the provision of remote physicianmedical services delivered from one or more physician sites 31 to aplurality of geographically distributed customer sites or facilities 33using communication and information systems that allow an individuallive face-to-face medical encounter with each patient. The system 30includes provisions for the integration of all necessary records andinformation. A remote physician medical service delivery suite 35, inconjunction with an on-site patient medical service delivery station 37connected through a network 39 provides the underpinning for delivery ofphysician care from an environment that resembles a high techinformation technology command center. The system 30 has the capabilityto reach multiple customers from a single location. Specialized medicalperipherals, such as, for example, medical cameras and tele-stethoscopydevices, which allow heart sounds to be transmitted remotely withdiagnostic quality, are part of the patient medical service deliverystation 37 component.

Advantageously; various embodiments of the present invention provide anintegrated healthcare system 30 that uses integrated electronic medicalrecords, pharmacy formularies, telemedicine, and medical protocolsdeveloped and enhanced by physicians and information technologists toovercome the challenges of physician availability, and which can supportthe provision of both primary care (general practice and internalmedicine) consultations and specialty (specific disciplines such asdermatology, cardiology etc.) consultations to various patientpopulations defined by geography, customer facility type, insuranceplan, or other factors. For example, the system 30 can provide suchmedical services to remote communities or communities of patients inisolation such as, e.g., rural communities, cruise ships, andcorrectional facilities. The system 30 can also be used to providehealthcare to home-based and deployed military personnel. For example,it can be used in ships at sea, as well as in barracks and remote fieldenvironments. Also, advantageously, the system 30 provides forelectronically managing patient scheduling, medical referrals, andproviding utilization review prior to authorizing access to andscheduling of medical services.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1A-2C, various embodiments of thepresent invention provide a system 30 of enhanced medical servicesdelivery to a patient located at a patient clinic 34 by one or moreremotely separated physicians located at remote physician sites 31. Forexample, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a system30 includes one or more remotely positioned medical informationmanagement computers, preferably located at one or more of the remotephysician sites 31, and collectively forming a remote medical servicesserver 43. The remote medical services server 43 includes memory 45preferably in the form of RAM, ROM, and other forms of structuredstorage such as, for example, magnetic or optical memory. According toan embodiment of the present invention, a database 47 or plurality ofpreferably structured databases, preferably one for each customer unit,is associated with an electronic medical record database server 46 whichalong with the other computers and/or networking servers, known to thoseskilled in the art, form the remote medical services server 43. Thedatabase 47 includes a plurality of patient electronic medical records49 preferably each providing a single consolidated medical servicedelivery record for a corresponding plurality of customer unit patients.Each electronic medical record 49 is preferably accessible by an on-sitepatient clinic medical service provider, a medical services scheduler,and a remote physician. Providing such access helps minimize artificialcommunication barriers, reduces the chance for miscommunication, andenhances patient care documentation.

To provide ready access to electronic medical records 49, the system 30also includes a remote medical services program product 51 stored in thememory 45 of the remote medical services server 43. That is, the remotemedical services program product 51 includes a set or sets ofinstructions to accept remote input from medical personnel to access theplurality of patient electronic medical records 49 to thereby allowdisplay of and data entry in a selected patient electronic medicalrecord 49. The remote medical services program product 51 includes a setor sets of instructions to electronically manage patient scheduling,medical referrals, and utilization review and case management data, tothereby enhance patient medical service delivery and documentation.Note, the remote medical services program product 51 can be in the formof microcode, programs, routines, and symbolic languages that provide aspecific set for sets of ordered operations that control the functioningof the hardware and direct its operation, as known and understood bythose skilled in the art. Note also, although described as being locatedgenerally and a single location, i.e., memory 45, the remote servicesprogram product 51 can have portions thereof distributed throughout thevarious computers forming the system 30, particularly with respect tobanks or clusters of servers, or client-server communication modules.

The system 30 also includes a dedicated communications link, eitherphysical or virtual, in communication with the remote medical servicesserver 43 which provides dedicated communications between each customersite 33 and at least one remote physician site 31 located remote fromeach customer site 33, to thereby establish a private network connectionbetween each customer site 33 and the remote physician site 31, defininga private physician's network 39. Depending upon various factorsincluding climate, mobility, and accessibility associated with thecustomer site 33, preferably the dedicated communications link ispreferably, for example, in the form of either a single or a pluralityof T-1 lines, as understood by those skilled in the art, seriallyconnected between each customer site 33 and the remote physician site 31located remote from the customer sites 33 and between the remotephysician site 31 and various other system components requiring a highbandwidth capability, described later. The dedicated communications linkprovides the necessary privacy to meet various statutory privacyrequirements and bandwidth to support the transmission of large amountsof digital data back and forth between remote physician and patient.

The dedicated communications link can also be formed by other meansknown to those skilled in the art such as, for example, through otherbroadband communications such as, cable, satellite, Wi-Fi, or otherwire-based and wireless communications. Satellite, for example, isparticularly advantageous for extremely remote customer sites 33, suchas those located in remote parts of the world and having no otherreadily available communication links, and is particularly advantageousfor mobile remote customer sites 33, such as civilian cruise, merchantmarine, or military ships. The privacy aspect of the communication linkcan be provided through use of encryption devices (not shown) on eitherend of the private physician's network 39. A virtual private networktunnel can be established over the Internet or other public or privatebroadband, as well as.

As perhaps best shown in FIG. 4, at the core of the invention's remotephysician services are the remote physician medical delivery suites orstudios 35, typically referred to as a virtual physician office. Eachremote physician medical service delivery suite 35 is preferablypositioned at the physician site 31, positioned remote from the customersite 33, and is in communication with the remote medical services server43. Each remote physician medical delivery suite 35 preferably includesan audio input device 52 and a video input device 53 to capture audioand video images of the remote physician, and includes a video displaydevice including a plurality of video displays 55, 55′, 57, 59, 60, todisplay patient areas of interest and patient electronic medical records49, to thereby allow the remote physician to perform remote patientmedical service delivery through the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite 35. Each remote physician medical delivery suite 35advantageously provides an integrated work environment supported byelectronic medical records 49 and medical peripheral devices fordelivering quality distributed medical care such as throughvideoconferencing or other techniques.

The remote physician medical delivery suites 35 allow a remotelypositioned physician to “see” patients anywhere on the network 39. Theremote physician medical service delivery suites 35 preferablyincorporate a video display device including wall-size video screens 55and/or desktop large-screen video monitors (not shown), electronicmedical record video screens 57 for viewing records and entering newchart notes, electronic medical peripherals such as, for example, ECGreadout monitor 59 for viewing an electrocardiograph, and auxiliarymonitor 60 for viewing multi-Functional videoscope imagery, e.g.,otoscope imagery, headsets (not shown) for reviewing electronicstethoscope output. The remote physician medical service delivery suites35 also preferably incorporate an automated encounter document creatorto provide automated encounter document creation, e.g., voicerecognition software and peripherals for providing real-time recordtranscriptions and preformatted templates selectable by the remotephysician to reduce manual data entry requirements. A computer orphysician command console 61 is adapted to control video display imageselection, and provides the remote physician access to the patientelectronic medical records 59, access to the dictation software, and useof the various peripherals. The remote physician medical delivery suites35 support either primary care or specialist providers, and allow thevirtual practice of medicine anywhere the network 39 can reach. Further,each remote physician medical delivery suite 35 is preferably equippedwith an uninterruptible power and back-up/disaster recovery systems toinsure availability at all times.

The system 30 can also include a remote workstation 41 associated withthe remote physician site 31 in communication with the remote medicalservices server 43 and including memory and software stored in thememory adapted to provide access to the remote medical services programproduct 51, to allow a user, e.g., remote physician, physicianassistant, scheduler, or utilization review or case management (URCM)nurse, to display the patient electronic medical record 49 to reviewpatient medical administration data and to enter additional patientmedical administration data.

As perhaps best shown in FIGS. 3A-B, each customer site 33 includes atleast one but preferably a plurality of patient medical service deliverystations or carts 37 each preferably positioned in a patient clinic 34located at the customer site 33 to provide the remote physician theability to communicate with and treat a patient. Advantageously, eachpatient medical service delivery station 37 is designed to be easilymoved about the patient clinic 34, and has wheels and handles to alloweasy manipulation. The patient medical service delivery station 37includes various medical videoconferencing components including at leastone video monitor 63 and a remotely controllable pan/zoom video inputdevice 65 preferably having over 180 degrees range of motion andproviding diagnostic quality images. Note, each patient medical servicedelivery station 37 is adapted to be manned by either a patient clinicphysician who requires consultation with a remote physician specialistwhile providing medical service delivery; or either a patient clinicphysician assistant or patient clinic nurse, often referred to as an“extender,” to provide the in-person portion of the medical servicedelivery by either a remote specialist physician or a remote primarycare physician and to manipulate the various examination instruments,described below.

Each patient medical service delivery station 37 also includes variouselectronic medical instruments adapted to communicate with the remotephysician medical service delivery suites 35, through the privatephysician's network 35. For example, each patient medical servicedelivery station 37 preferably includes a video visualizer or lighttable 67 adapted to provide to the remote physician during the remotepatient medical service delivery video visualizations of documents suchas, for example, a hard-copy x-ray or an ECG print out formulatedoutside system 30. Also preferably included is an electronic stethoscopeand sending unit 69 adapted to provide for an electronic auscultation ofthe patient, and a multi-functional videoscope 71, e.g., a hand-heldmedical camera complete with fiber-optic halogen lighting used to peerinto the patient's throat or ears, or examine the skin closely. An ECG73 connected to ECG leads 75 can provide electrocardiographvisualization during remote patient medical service delivery. Apoint-of-care laboratory testing device/kit 79, either stand-alone ornetworked, can provide for real-time laboratory results just prior to orduring provision of the remote medical service delivery. The medicalservice delivery station 37 is scalable to allow the inclusion of otherdevices known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, anultrasound device (not shown) to perform ultrasonography.

Each patient medical service delivery station 37 also can include acomputer or workstation 77 in communication with the remote medicalservices server 43 through the private physician's network 39, allowingthe patient clinic medical service provider at the customer site 33complete access to patient medical information, and necessary resourcesto connect to the remote physician medical delivery suites 35.Specifically, each computer 77 includes memory and software stored inthe memory adapted to provide access to the remote medical servicesprogram product 51 to allow display of the patient electronic medicalrecord 49 so that the patient clinic medical service provider can reviewcurrent patient medical administration data and can enter additionalpatient medical administration data.

As stated above, the combination of the remote physician medical servicedelivery suites 35 and patient medical service delivery stations 37allows for remote medical service delivery from various specialistphysicians. This is an important feature as specialist physicianservices, especially in unique specialties, are often difficult toprocure. Specialist physician consultations can be for various medicalspecialty disciplines including cardiology, orthopedics, psychology,mental health management, infectious disease/HIV management,dermatology, and urology. These consultations are typically for servicesoutside of the normal scope of the patient clinic primary carephysician's expertise. Access to remote specialty services provides thecustomer the opportunity to provide the most appropriate care in anexpedient manner. Advantageously, this allows the total cost of care tobe lower through reduced patient transportation and quicker access toappropriate care. During a remote medical service delivery encounter,the remote specialist physician can receive all required data and canrecreate all consultation notes electronically. In this manner,specialist consultation reports are available back to the patient clinic34 literally at the conclusion of the virtual visit.

The combination of the remote physician medical service delivery suites35 and patient medical service delivery stations 37 not only allows forremote medical service delivery from a specialist physician, but also anadditional primary care physician. The remote primary care physicianconsultations provide direct interaction between the remote primary carephysician and a patient. These visits can support all primary careneeds, such as, for example, physicals, minor medical problems, andmanagement of chronic conditions. Remote medical services provided canalso include medical diagnosis, medication prescribing, laboratoryordering, and follow-up care. These live, virtual face-to-faceconsultations can be performed substantially exactly like actualin-person physician visits. At the customer site 33, physician extenderssuch as, for example, nurses or physician assistants, interact with thepatient and provide the hands-on portion of the examinations. Thepatient medical service delivery station peripherals, described above,can provide the examining physician with all needed supplementalinformation. In this manner the physician is provided with informationrequired to perform a complete diagnosis and management decisions.According to this configuration, access to on-call emergency medicineservices staffed by certified ER physicians is advantageously available24/7.

Further, although according to the preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the system 30 provides an in-person primary care physician ateach patient clinic 34, primary care physician staffing problems canarise. Thus, the remote primary care physician medical service deliverycan be remotely provided by either a primary care physician scheduledfrom a pool of physicians at the physician site 31, a substitutephysician, or a primary care physician normally providing in-patient'sservice at a patient clinic 34. This feature advantageously enhancesphysician-patient appointment attendance and reduces physicianemployment costs, particularly those associated with locum tenensdoctors, because it provides a ready substitute physician for an absentpatient clinic primary care physician, allows the provision ofadditional staffing of a patient clinic 34 inflected with an unusuallyheavy workload, and it allows an in-patient primary care physiciantemporarily afflicted with a medical condition that would otherwiseprevent the provision of in-person patient medical services at thepatient clinic 34 to continue providing medical service delivery,negating a need to provide an on-site patient clinic physicianreplacement.

As perhaps best shown in FIGS. 1A-2C, the system 30 also includes atleast one medical services scheduler computer or workstation 81 orserver 82 positioned remote from the customer site 33 and incommunication with the remote medical services server 43 and includingmemory and software stored in the memory adapted to provide access tothe remote medical services program product 51. The medical servicesscheduler computer 81 can allow a scheduler access to patient electronicmedical records 49 to establish a remote medical service deliveryappointment. That is, the scheduler can examine remote physicianschedule availability for the remote physicians and availability of theremote physician medical service delivery suites 35 at the physiciansite 31, and perform scheduling of a remote physician and a patientclinic medical service provider, to thereby initiate remote patientmedical service delivery to a patient through a patient medical servicedelivery station 37 at the customer site 33 at a preselected time.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, apatient clinic medical services provider accesses a medical specialtyrecord referral system (MSRS) record 85 (FIG. 2B), or other suitableservice request media, to update the request with the appointment data.The MSRS record 85 is preferably stored on a MSRS server 86 (FIG. 2A),located either within or external to a respective customer facility orsite 33, that is in communication with a computer or workstation 91accessible to the requesting physician and preferably located within therespective customer facility or site 33. The MSRS record 85 can,however, alternatively be associated with the remote medical servicesserver 43, and/or alternatively be part of the patient electronicmedical record 49. The patient clinic medical services provider canaccess the MSRS records 85 to determine if the remote medical servicedelivery request has been approved. As shown in FIG. 2A-B, theworkstation 91 is preferably in communication with the remote medicalservices server 43 and the MSRS server 86 through the privatephysician's network 39. The workstation 91 preferably includes memory 93and software stored in the memory 93 adapted to provide access to theremote medical services program product 51 to allow remote computerizedphysician medical service to request entry so that the patient clinicmedical service provider can input a physician's medical servicerequest, and display the patient electronic medical record 49 to reviewcurrent patient medical administration data and/or enter additionalpatient medical administration data.

The system 30 can also include at least one but preferably a pluralityof URCM nurse computers or workstations 83 positioned either remote fromthe customer facility or site 33, within the customer facility or site33, or a combination thereof. The URCM nurse computers or workstations83 are in communication with the remote medical services server 43 andcan include memory and software stored in the memory adapted to provideaccess to the remote medical services program product 51 to allow a URCMnurse access to patient electronic medical records 49 preferably storedin database 47 to review resource utilization and/or monitor patientmedical service delivery.

More particularly, a URCM nurse specializing in utilization reviewprovides gate-keeping functions by examining patient electronic medicalrecords 49 and evaluating requested remote medical service deliveryappointments entered in the MSRS to approve the appointment requestsand/or propose and discuss alternatives with the requesting medicalservice provider. The URCM nurse can examine remote physician scheduleavailability for the remote physicians and availability of the remotephysician medical service delivery suites 35 at the physician site 31.The URCM nurse can further access medical decision monitoring system(MDMS) records 89, preferably stored in a MDMS database 90 associatedwith an MDMS server 84 (FIG. 1A), to document particular medicalservices requests and associated clinical data along with the evaluationresults; and can access the respective MSRS records 85 to update therecords in accord with the results of the evaluations and/or proposedmodifications to the medical services requests. A URCM nursespecializing in case management can further utilize the URCM computer orworkstation 83 to access the patient electronic medical records 49 tomonitor, over time, the delivery of both remote and local medicalservices. Note, although the MDMS records 89 are preferably associatedwith an MOMS server 84, typically separate from the patient electronicmedical records 49, the MDMS records 89 can alternatively be associatedwith a customer or customer affiliated computer or be part of or storedwith the patient electronic medical record 49.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, ascheduler schedules the appointment for the requested remote medicalservices in the respective patient's electronic medical record 49 usingthe remote medical services program product 51. The scheduler furthercan access the MSRS records 85 to update the request with theappointment data. The patient clinic medical services provider canaccess the MSRS records 85 to determine if the remote medical servicedelivery request has been approved. Alternatively, the scheduler canprovide direct contact to both the scheduled remote physician and thescheduled patient clinic medical service provider to provide schedulinginformation.

As shown in FIG. 2C, the system 30 can also include a customer medicalinformation management computer including memory 99 to store datatherein to thereby define a customer medical services server 101, whichcan be positioned at one or more of the customer sites or facilities 33.Due to the remote nature between the physician site 31 and some customersites or facilities 33 and depending upon the type of configurationutilized to establish the physician's private network 39, continuousuninterrupted transmission is not always established continuously 24hours per day. Thus, advantageously, a duplicate copy of the patientelectronic medical records 49 associated with the individual customerfacility or site 33 can be stored in the memory 99 of the customermedical services server 101 to provide a ready access to the individualcustomer's patient electronic medical records 49 in the event of atemporary network interruption or failure. Thus, advantageously, theremote medical services program product 51 is preferably adapted toperform the operation of maintaining a duplicate copy of an associatedcustomer's patient electronic medical records 49, one copy stored in thememory 45 of the remote medical services server 43 and the other copystored in the memory 99 of or database associated to a respectivecustomer medical services server 101.

Although other methodologies are within the scope of the presentinvention, in an embodiment of the present invention, when a change ismade to a respective patient's electronic medical record 49 for theparticular customer and when the network 39 is functioning properly, theremote medical services program product 51 simultaneously updates bothcopies of electronic medical records 49. When a change is made to arespective patient's medical record 49 for a particular customer, eitherfrom input to the electronic medical record 49 at the customer site 33,through input at the physician site 31, or through input at analternative system site, described later, the remote medical servicesprogram product 51 detects a network interruption or failure and,responsive to the detected failure, applies the change to the respectivecustomer site copy or physician site copy and maintains a log ofelectronic medical record changes.

Upon reestablishment of the network connection after a network failure,the portion of the remote medical services program product 51 located inthe memory 99 of the customer medical services server 101 and theportion of the remote medical services program product 51 located on theremote medical services server 43 can detect changes in individualpatient electronic medical records 49 and cross-update the respectivechanged records 49 on the customer medical services server 101 andremote medical services server 43, respectively. Note, alternatives areavailable such as, for example, performing a periodic download or updateof records stored in the memory 99 of the customer medical servicesserver 101 or other methodology known to those skilled in the art. Note,this alternative methodology is also useful for networks having a lessthan ideal bandwidth capability to thereby provide a reduced recordaccess delay. That is, after both copies of the electronic medicalrecords 49 are established, only the changes need be transmitted overthe network 39, thus providing improved access performance.

As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, according to the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the system 30 preferably also includes one or morehospitals 111, and a pharmacy or pharmacy unit 113, a laboratory orlaboratory unit 115, and a radiology unit 117, functioning either asseparate entities or positioned within a hospital 111. The hospital orhospitals 111, generally located remote from the customer site 33,provide additional in-person physician medical services delivery notreceptive to remote physician medical services delivery at the patientclinic 34. The hospital 111 can include one or more hospital physicianworkstations 121 located in the hospital and in communication with theremote medical services server 43 through the private physician'snetwork 39. Each workstation 121 includes memory and software stored inthe memory adapted to provide access to the remote medical servicesprogram product 51, to allow a hospital physician or other authorizedhospital medical service provider to display the patient electronicmedical record 49 for the preselected patient to thereby providehospital physician medical services. This is especially advantageouswhere the hospital 111 is a community hospital not otherwise maintainingpatient medical records either electronically or in a compatibleelectronic form, and thus, would not otherwise have real-time access tothe patient's electronic medical records 49. The workstation 121 alsoallows a medical service provider such as, for example, a URCM nurse, totranscribe hospital medical record events into the patient's electronicmedical record 49.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the privatephysician's, network 39 further includes a dedicated communications linkin communication with the remote medical services server 43 providingdedicated communications between the hospital 111 and the remotephysician site 31, thereby establishing a private network connectionbetween the hospital 111 and the remote physician site 31. In thisembodiment, the hospital 111 preferably includes at least one patientmedical service delivery station 37 positioned in the hospital 111 andin communication with the remote medical services server 43 through theprivate physician's network 39. Advantageously, the patient medicalservice delivery station 37 provides the hospital 111 supplementaryprimary care physician staffing and allows for consultation of hospitalpersonnel with a remote specialist physician.

The system 30 can include various pharmacy/drug related services,ranging from straightforward online medical service provider order entryand drug compliance to complete pharmaceutical procurement and delivery,including formulary management, pharmacist review, and point-of-usepackaging. The pharmacy 113 is generally located remote from thecustomer facility or site 33 to provide pharmacy services. A pharmacyworkstation 131 located in the pharmacy 113, in communication with theremote medical services server 43, includes memory and software storedin the memory adapted to provide access to the remote medical servicesprogram product 51, to allow a pharmacist, pharmacy assistant, nurse,or, in the correctional facility example, an authorized prison guard todisplay a patient electronic medical record 49 for a patient, to therebyprovide pharmacy services to the patient. According to the preferredembodiment of the present invention, pharmacy records are associatedwith or included in the electronic medical records 49. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, pharmacy records are stored in aseparate pharmacy records server 132 (see FIG. 1B).

The system 30 provides the ability to benchmark prescription costs anddosages, and provides for comparison of a physician's prescription anddosage choices against the general prescription population or with otherpharmaceutical options. Advantageously, prescribing patterns can be seenvirtually in real time, and costs can be more effectively analyzed andmanaged than in a traditional pharmacy system. Further, the system 30provides for medication use tracking, provides for clinical checksincluding those for patient allergies, alerts the physician to harmfuldrug interactions, checks the drug formulary, and can send theprescription to a selected local pharmacy for filling. After delivery,medication use can then be directly documented.

A pharmacy prescription compliance computer or workstation 133 can bepositioned remote from the pharmacy 113 at the customer facility or site33, in communication with the remote medical services server 43 throughthe private physician's network 39. The computer 133 includes memory andsoftware stored in the memory adapted to provide access to the remotemedical services program product 51 to thereby record a patientmedication administration compliance for a respective patient medicationorder. Either a medical service provider at the customer facility orsite 33 or a customer representative, e.g., a pharmacy assistant, nurse,or prison guard for a correctional facility customer, can visiblymonitor the medication administration. Alternatively, the patient can bepositioned within the view of patient medical service delivery station37 which can provide monitoring of patient medication administrationcompliance either through visual observation by a remote medicalservices provider or through use of automated recording.

The laboratory unit 115, providing laboratory medical service delivery,is located remote from the customer facility or site 33 and remote fromthe remote physician site 31 to provide laboratory services. Thelaboratory unit 115 can be either associated with the hospital 111 or aseparate independent unit. If associated with the hospital 111, thelaboratory can access the physician's private network 39 through thehospital 111. For an independent laboratory unit 115, the privatephysician's network can include a limited access communications link incommunication with the remote medical services server 43 which canprovide communications between the laboratory 115 and the remote medicalservices server 43 to thereby update the electronic medical records 49with laboratory data.

The radiology unit 117 provides radiology medical service delivery. Theradiology unit is preferably associated with the hospital 111 and thushas access to the physician's private network 39 to post radiologycharts to the database 47. As with the laboratory unit 115, if theradiology unit 117 is not accorded full authorization to access thedatabase 47, limited access can be provided. Note, for both thelaboratory unit 115 and the radiology unit 117, the communications linkneed not be dedicated and, depending upon whether patient identifyingdata is utilized, the communication link may not need to be providedencryption devices, as described previously.

As shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, various embodiments of the present inventionsupport establishing a system 30 having an interconnected network ofphysician and customer sites 31, 33, and multiple systems 30, which canbe associated with regional areas. This configuration allows for theapplication of autonomous systems 30 which provide remote physicianmedical service delivery in accordance with various state laws or otherregulatory requirements. Each remote physician site 31 supporting thevarious regional areas can further be linked to a central physician site31′ which can allow for centralized management and which can allow forthe support of even more unique specialties. For example, duringapplication of remote medical service delivery, a remote specialistphysician located at one of the regional physician sites 31 and using aremote physician medical service delivery suite 35 may conference with aremote specialist physician at the central physician site 31′ alsonetworked to a patient via a remote physician medical service deliverysuite 35. Advantageously, this allows the remote physician at thecentral physician site 31′ to also view the patient and apply his or herknowledgebase to the remote physician at the regional physician site 31and thus, comply with the regional regulatory requirements regarding thepractice of medicine.

As shown in FIGS. 1A-17, according to various embodiments of the presentinvention, the system 30 includes various methods of establishing orinitiating the provision of remote physician medical services. Thesemethods can include, for example: the steps that occur while a patientis being treated, e.g. steps involving the interaction between theremote physician and a patient and/or the interaction between the remotephysician and other medical services specialist when diagnostic testsare performed; the steps associated with treatment authorization andtreatment review; the steps associated with enrolling new patients; andthose associated with report generation and administration of thesystem, itself. Note, the various steps described below may occur in theorder shown in the figures, may occur in parallel, may be interchanged,or may be bypassed altogether.

In an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method ofproviding enhanced medical services delivery by a remote specialistphysician to a patient being serviced in a customer facility or site 33having a medical service provider and a patient medical service deliverystation 37. Medical services from a specialist are preferably providedinitially using the remote specialist physician medical service deliveryfunctionality of the system 30, rather than by either transporting thepatient to the specialist physician or the specialist physician to thepatient. The remote specialist physician can then determine ifadditional or more extensive treatment is necessary. Advantageously,this functionality reduces specialist physician medical delivery costs,increases specialist physician availability, and/or reduces patienttransportation requirements, especially where the patient has limitedtransportation, such as a prison inmate or an invalid, or where thepatient is located a significant distance from a specialist physician.The following process will be described using a generic facility as anexample customer facility. Most of the process steps, described below,are directly transferable to other customer facilities or sites 33.Advantageously, the system 30 is flexible enough to allow various othercustomer-driven requirements to be implemented, as will be understood bythose skilled in the art.

As shown in FIG. 6A-B, according to the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, a method of providing specialist physician medicalservices includes creating a request for a patient medical servicesreferral from a remote specialist physician for a patient (block 201),the request including pertinent patient clinical data about thepatient's condition. According to an embodiment of the presentinvention, the request for specialist physician medical services alongwith the respective pertinent clinical data is entered in a MSRS 85record preferably stored in a database associated with or accessible bya medical specialty referral system server 86, which can be eitherassociated with or remote from the customer facility or site 33.

A preferably remotely located URCM nurse receives or is otherwiseprovided access to a daily list containing referral requests includingthose for specialist physician medical services, reviews associatedpatient electronic medical records 49, and evaluates the medicalservices requests using appropriate pre-selected screening criteria(block 203). According to an embodiment of the present invention, theURCM nurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical services server 43to display predetermined specialist physician screening criteriaaccording to the type of specialty requested, to thereby evaluate therequest, comparing the patient clinical data against the predeterminedscreening criteria. The nurse documents/records in a MDMS record 89 themedical services request and associated clinical data along with theevaluation results. Note, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, the MSRS record 85 and the MDMS record 89 can be consolidatedin order to streamline the URCM nurse utilization review process.

If the URCM nurse determines the requested specialty physician medicalservices to be authorized, the nurse also documents the approval dataand associated variance data, if any, in the MDMS record 89 (block 205).Then either by automated or manual process, the nurse also preferablyaccesses the MSRS record 85 and updates the medical services requeststatus by appending the approval data to the medical services request.The remote medical services program product 51, in response to theauthorization data in the MDMS record 89, automatically generates anauthorization in the form of a hard-copy printout, e-mail notification,or other preferably electronic media.

A scheduler retrieves or is otherwise provided the authorization andschedules the approved medical services requested by the facilitymedical service provider (block 207). The scheduler makes theappointment for the requested medical services in the respectivepatient's electronic medical record using the remote medical servicesprogram product 51. The scheduler further can access the MSRS record 85to update the request with the appointment data. The facility medicalservices provider preferably receives the MSRS approvals at least daily.

Preferably on the morning of the appointment, the medical serviceprovider (remote physician extender), or alternatively the scheduler ora URCM nurse, or other authorized medical services member accesses theremote medical services program product 51 and patient electronicmedical record 49 to admit the patient, adding the patient to a remotephysician medical service delivery schedule, which initiates a remotepatient medical service encounter with the scheduled remote specialistphysician (block 209). A medical service provider (remote physicianextender) at the customer facility clinic 34 and the remote specialistphysician both access the daily schedule to determine their daily remotephysician medical service delivery appointments.

At the scheduled time, the scheduled facility medical service providerand the patient are present at the patient medical service deliverystation 37 associated with the facility clinic 34. The remote specialistphysician initiates the remote physician medical service delivery, oftenreferred to as a session, by connecting to the facility clinic 34 (block211) using a remote physician medical service delivery suite controlconsole 61 (FIG. 4). Upon establishment of the connection, the remotespecialist physician can see and hear the patient and line data istransferred, and the facility medical service provider can begin theconsultation.

The remote physician medical service delivery suite video display devicefunctionality allows the display of the patient's electronic medicalrecord 49 simultaneously with display of the patient and/or the facilitymedical service provider during the consultation. The remote specialistphysician converses with the patient and the provider to gather dataabout the patient's condition (block 213). In addition to live videoimages of patient areas of interest, the provider, often referred to asa presenter, can provide the remote specialist physician immediateaccess to live video images of documents, charts, or electronic feedfrom a patient monitoring device, such video images simultaneouslydisplayed with the video image of the patient/provider and the videoimage of the electronic medical record. For example, an orthopedicspecialist physician may request to view x-rays if not already appendedto the electronic medical record 49. A cardiologist physician mayrequest the facility medical provider place an electronic stethoscope 69on the patient for an electronic auscultation. Electrocardiographs,either direct electronic or hardcopy (through a document videovisualizer 67), can also be transmitted to the remote specialistphysician.

Further, as the remote specialist physician discusses the diagnosis andtreatment plan with the patient and the provider, the remote specialistphysician can record the encounter in the patient's electronic medicalrecord 49 by accessing the remote medical services program product 51functionality. The remote specialist physician preferably ends theremote physician medical services delivery by disconnecting the remotephysician medical service delivery suite 35 from the patient medicalservice delivery station 37 (block 215). Any details not documentedduring the encounter can be documented thereafter preferably eitherusing keyboard entry or through use of voice-activated dictationsoftware.

The remote specialist physician, upon completion of documenting theencounter, preferably generates or makes available an extract of theencounter, either in electronic form, or in hard-copy print, andprovides or otherwise transmits or makes available the extract to anassociated remote URCM nurse. The nurse reviews the encounter data inthe EMR to determine if the remote specialist physician has requestedadditional medical services (block 217). Further, preferably at the endof the business day or other predetermined time, a medical servicemember accesses the remote medical services program product 51functionality reviews that all unmet needs are addressed, and dischargesthe patient, closing the encounter; and preferably accesses the MSRSrecord 85 to update the medical services referral request with theresults of the remote medical services delivery appointment (block 219).

As shown in FIG. 7, in an embodiment of the present invention, providedis a method of providing enhanced medical services delivery by a remoteprimary care physician to a patient being serviced in a customerfacility having a medical service provider and a patient medical servicedelivery station 37, but where a patient needs to see a primary carephysician and there is no such in-person physician available. Remotephysician medical service delivery, according to various embodiments ofthe present invention, allows a patient to talk with a remote primarycare physician without the need to be transported.

Although according to most of the embodiments of the present invention,the customer facility or site 33 is provided an in-person primary carephysician, there are situations where either a primary care physiciancannot be supported or, more commonly, where the in-person primary carephysician requires supplemental help in order to manage an excessivepatient load, or even more commonly, where the facility only has asingle in-person primary care physician, and that physician is unable toprovide in-person medical service delivery. For example, the facilityin-person primary care physician may be either on vacation or may beinflicted with a contagious or medical condition preventing in-personmedical service delivery. Further, utilization of the remote physicianmedical service delivery suite 35 allows a primary care physician havinga physical limitation preventing in-person medical service delivery tocontinue to provide medical services. Advantageously, the abovedescribed functionality provides for efficient utilization of primarycare substitutes and negates the logistics and costs involved totransport the substitute primary care physician to the customerfacility.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method ofproviding primary care physician medical services includes a medicalservice provider, usually a physician's assistant or nurse at a customerfacility clinic 34, contacting or otherwise submitting a request to thescheduler for an appointment with a remote primary care physician for apatient (block 221). Subject to availability, the scheduler schedulesthe appointment for the same clay utilizing the scheduling functionalityof the remote medical services program product 51 (block 223). Further,prior to the scheduled time, the scheduler admits the patient, whichcreates a medical services delivery encounter (block 225). The remoteprimary care physician accesses the schedule to view the remotephysician medical service delivery appointment.

Similar to the process described with respect to a remote specialistphysician, at the scheduled time, the facility medical service providerand the patient are present at the patient medical service deliverystation associated with the facility clinic. The remote primary carephysician initiates the remote physician medical service delivery byconnecting to the facility clinic 34 using a remote physician medicalservice delivery suite command console 61. Upon establishment of theconnection, the remote primary care physician can see and hear thepatient, and the facility medical service provider can begin theconsultation. The remote physician medical service delivery suite 35also can display the patient's electronic medical record 49 during theconsultation.

The remote specialist physician converses with the patient and theprovider to gather data about the patient's condition, discusses thediagnosis, and discusses the treatment plan (block 227). The remoteprimary care physician, preferably during the encounter; utilizing theassociated remote medical peripherals to perform supplementalexaminations, records details of the encounter in the patient'selectronic medical record 49 (block 229). After a treatment plan isestablished, if required, the remote primary care physician preferablyends the session by disconnecting from the facility clinic (block 301).Any details not documented during the encounter can then be documented.The remote primary care physician, upon completion of documenting theencounter, then generates or otherwise makes available an extract of theencounter and can provide or otherwise transmit the extract to anassociated remote URCM nurse (block 303). The nurse reviews theencounter data to determine if the remote primary care physician hasrequested additional medical services (block 307). Preferably at the endof the business day, the medical services member accesses the remotemedical services program product 51 functionality and discharges thepatient, closing the encounter, if not already closed.

As perhaps best shown in FIG. 8, in an embodiment of the presentinvention, provided is a method of providing enhanced medical servicesdelivery by a remote physician to a patient being serviced in a customerfacility or site 33 having a medical service provider and a patientmedical service delivery station 37, but where a patient needs to see aphysician clue to an emergency and there is no such in-person physicianavailable. The remote physician medical service delivery, according tovarious embodiments of the present invention, allow a facility medicalservice provider, utilizing associated remote medical peripherals, totalk with a remote physician, to perform supplemental examinations,either prior to contacting or prior to or during arrival of emergencymedical services personnel.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a methodof providing such emergency physician medical services includes amedical service provider, usually a physician's assistant or nurse at acustomer facility clinic 34, initiating a remote physician medicalservice delivery by connecting the patient medical service deliverystation 37 associated with the facility clinic 34 to the remotephysician medical service delivery suite 35 (block 401). Uponestablishment of the connection, the remote physician can see and hearthe patient, and the facility medical service provider can begin theconsultation. The facility medical service provider provides patientidentifying data such as, the patient identification number, or theremote physician obtains the identification number from the schedule, sothat the remote physician, utilizing the associated remote medicalperipherals to perform supplemental examinations, can review thepatient's electronic medical record 49 (block 403) during theconsultation.

The remote physician converses with the provider and/or the patient togather data about the patient's condition, discusses the diagnosis, anddiscusses the treatment plan (block 407). The remote physician,preferably during the encounter, records details of the encounter in thepatient's electronic medical record 49 (block 409). After a treatmentplan is established, the provider preferably ends the session bydisconnecting from the physician remote site 31 (block 411). Any detailsnot documented during the encounter can be documented thereafter. Theremote physician, upon completion of documenting the encounter,preferably generates an extract of the encounter and provides,transmits, or otherwise makes available the extract for review by anassociated remote URCM nurse (block 413). The nurse reviews theencounter data from the extract or directly from the patient electronicmedical record 49 to determine if the remote physician has requestedadditional medical services (block 415). Preferably at the end of thebusiness day, a medical services member'accesses the remote medicalservices program product 51 functionality and, if not already clone so,discharges the patient, closing the encounter.

According to various embodiments of the present invention,implementation and use of electronic medical records 49, alone, canprovide enhanced medical service delivery. For example, when the patientarrives at the facility clinic 34, a scheduling (intake) desk registersthe patient by accessing functionality within the remote medicalservices program product 51, thereby creating an encounter. The intakedesk then routes the patient to the appropriate facility medical serviceprovider. A nurse assistant or other provider inputs the patient's vitalsign data into the respective patient's electronic medical record 49. Afacility nurse enters additional clinical data about the patient andindicates that the patient's data is ready for physician review. Thefacility primary care physician reviews the encounter data, updates itas necessary, records laboratory/medicine orders, and signs theencounter when it is complete.

Finally, a discharge nurse enters the diagnosis and procedure codes intothe electronic medical record 49 and closes the encounter. Note also,for correctional facility patients, assisted living facility patients,and other long-term care facility patients needing to be seen on aregular basis at a facility affiliated clinic, a facility medicalservice provider can enter medical service requests into a facilityscheduling system for the respective facility to interface withtransportation scheduling, to thereby enhance medical service delivery.For example, with respect to a correctional facility, a correctionfacility medical service provider enters a medical service request intoa correctional facility scheduling system. The prisoner transportationsection then schedules the prisoner, the transportation vehicle, thevehicle driver, and any necessary security requirements.

Electronic medical record functionality can also be implemented withrespect to ancillary medical services such as providing laboratoryorders, radiology images, and pharmacy services. Implementation withrespect to pharmacy services, in the context of a correctional facilityexample, is perhaps best described in two co-pending applications: U.S.patent application Ser. No. 10/806,878 by Clements et al., titled“Pharmaceutical Inventory and Dispensation Computer System and Methods,”incorporated by reference, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/959,627 by Clements et al., titled “Pharmaceutical Inventory andDispensation Computer System and Methods,” also incorporated byreference.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, utilizing apatient's electronic medical record 49 and functionality within theremote medical services program product 51, a medical service providercan create an appropriate laboratory order and perform various qualityassurance checks such as, for example, quality assurance checks forduplicate laboratory orders and quality assurance checks for patientallergies. Upon satisfying the various quality assurance checks, alaboratory order and labels for a sample are printed. A sampletechnician retrieves the laboratory order and collects the sample fromthe patient. The sample technician then sends the laboratory orders, theassociated label laboratory samples, and a log of the samples to alaboratory. If the laboratory is not granted full access to the network39, the laboratory order data can be entered manually in a laboratorycomputer. If an automated laboratory system is used to conduct thelaboratory tests and is connected to the laboratory computer system, theresults are automatically entered into the laboratory computer system.The laboratory technician then accesses the laboratory computer systemto either print out the laboratory results in order to fax, mail, ortelephone the results to the facility medical service provider or, sendthe results via e-mail, or if granted some accesses to the network 39,enters the results directly into the respective patient electronicmedical record 49, typically through use of HL-7 messages.

For radiology order requests, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, utilizing a patient's electronic medical record 49 andfunctionality of the remote medical services program product 51, amedical service provider enters the radiology order request which printout the radiology order. The radiology technician then retrieves theorder, takes the image; and sends the radiology order and the image tothe radiologist. The radiologist reviews the image and enters theresults directly into the patient's electronic medical record 49.Further, the image, if not already generated electronically, can bescanned and stored in a database, e.g. database 47, and can beassociated with or appended to the patient's electronic medical record49, to thereby provide ready access. The original image, if in anon-electronic form, can then be either sent to the facility clinic 34,placed in storage, or destroyed. A facility medical service provider canreview the radiologist results by accessing the patient's electronicmedical record 49.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the system 30includes various methods that include the steps associated withtreatment authorization and treatment review. Described below is theimplementation of such utilization review and case management in thecontext of medical service delivery.

As shown in FIG. 9, in an embodiment of the present invention, providedis a method of providing enhanced emergency medical services delivery toa patient being serviced in a customer facility or site 33 having amedical service provider. According to the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the method includes a resident facility providerfirst prescreening a patient presented to the provider for emergencymedical services eligibility at an off-site facility, such as, forexample, a community or contract hospital 111 according to apre-established protocol (block 521), to thereby determine if treatmentis necessary, e.g., a likelihood of permanent injury or death unlesstreatment is rendered immediately. Regardless of the outcome of theprescreening, the results of the prescreening are entered in therespective patient electronic medical record 49 (block 523). If sucheligibility determination is made (block 525), the provider or otherfacility member contacts emergency medical services to transport thepatient to a medical treatment facility for emergency treatment.

The provider next, preferably via telephone or other immediate alertsystem known to those skilled in the art, contacts and informs a URCMnurse of the emergency (block 527), providing patient clinical dataabout the patient's condition, the hospital selected, and otherpertinent data. The URCM nurse opens a case, collects patient healthinformation for the patient from the medical service provider thatprompted the request for emergency medical services and/or from thepatient electronic medical record 49, and records or otherwise entersthe data into a MDMS record 89 (block 529) preferably stored in thedatabase 47 associated with the remote medical services server 43. Thecollected and recorded patient health information/data is then comparedagainst predetermined emergency medical service screening criteria todetermine if emergency medical services guidelines have been compliedwith. The results of the guidelines compliance determination aredocumented in the MDMS record 89 (block 531). If required, approval dataand any associated variance data are recorded in the MDMS record 89.Because the evaluation can be made real-time during the telephone callwith the facility medical services provider, the provider will knowwhether the requested emergency room evaluation has been approved.

The URCM nurse then manages provision of patient data (pre-certificationdata, if needed) to the destination medical treatment facility (block533). Periodically, preferably every two to three hours until medicalservices are completed, the URCM nurse contacts the medical treatmentfacility to obtain follow-up patient disposition data (block 535),recording such status data in the MDMS record 89. Upon completion ofmedical service delivery to the patient and return of the patient, theURCM nurse closes the case in the MDMS (block 537). Correspondingly, thefacility provider updates the patient disposition in the patient'selectronic medical record 49 (block 539).

As shown in FIG. 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, providedis a method of providing enhanced emergency medical services delivery toa patient being serviced in a customer facility or site 33 having amedical service provider. According to the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the method includes a resident facility providerfirst prescreening a patient presented to the provider according to apre-established protocol for emergency medical service eligibility viaremote physician medical service delivery (block 551), to therebydetermine if emergency treatment is necessary. Regardless of the outcomeof the prescreening, the results of the prescreening are entered in thepatient electronic medical record 49 (block 553).

If such eligibility determination is made, the provider, preferably viatelephone or other immediate alert system, contacts and informs a URCMnurse of the emergency (block 555), providing patient clinical dataabout the patient's condition. The URCM nurse opens a case, collectspatient health information for the patient from the medical serviceprovider that prompted the request for emergency medical services and/orfrom the patient electronic medical record 49, and records or otherwiseenters the data into a MDMS record 89 (block 557). The collected andrecorded patient health information/data is then compared againstpredetermined emergency medical service screening criteria to determineif emergency medical services guidelines have been complied with. Theresults of the guidelines compliance determination are documented in theMDMS record 89 (block 559). If required, approval data and anyassociated variance data are recorded in the MDMS record 89. If thescreening criteria have been satisfied (block 561), the URCM nursefurther assists with enabling the remote physician medical servicedelivery link (block 563).

The remote physician, generally a specialist, reviews the patientelectronic medical record 49 (block 565) and provides the necessaryservices via remote medical service delivery suite 35 (block 567).During and/or after the medical service delivery encounter, the remotephysician enters the encounter data into the patient electronic medicalrecord 49 (block 569), including patient disposition (block 571). Thereare several remote disposition options. For example, the remotephysician can advise/request patient transit to an off-site facilityemergency room. In such case, the remote physician notifies the providerat the customer facility or site 33 and the URCM nurse. Preferably, theremote physician also e-mails or otherwise makes available to, orprovides reference to, the encounter data for review by the URCM nurse.The procedures thereafter are generally similar to those described withrespect to FIG. 9 (blocks 531-539).

The URCM nurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical servicesserver 43, displays predetermined screening criteria, and evaluates therequest by comparing the encounter data against the predeterminedscreening criteria, to thereby determine if the appropriate guidelineshave been followed. The nurse documents/records the evaluation resultsalong with the approval data and associated variance data, if any, inthe MDMS record 89. The URCM nurse keeps the facility medical providerinformed as to whether the advised treatment has been authorized. If theemergency room treatment is approved, either the URCM nurse or facilityprovider can contact appropriate personnel to procure the patienttransportation. For example, if the facility is a correctional facility,the URCM nurse can contact correctional facility transportationpersonnel, if civilian, the URCM nurse can contact local EMS personnel.The URCM nurse also contacts the emergency room to provide an earlywarning of an expected patient arrival and the patient's initialdiagnosis. After receiving the patient, the emergency room personnelthen notify the URCM nurse of the patient arrival and post-evaluationdisposition.

If still further treatment is determined to be required for greater thana preselected number of hours, e.g. an extended 23-hour observation oran extended medical treatment regime, the URCM nurse evaluates theproposed treatment, comparing the patient medical requirement againstpredetermined utilization screening criteria and records the results ofthe evaluation and associated authorization data in the MDMS record 89.According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the URCMnurse then closes the emergency room evaluation case and creates a newcase for the patient. In an embodiment of the present invention, a URCMnurse affiliated with the hospital preferably assumes responsibility forthe new case and performs follow-up operations including documenting thepatient status in the MDMS record 89.

If the remote physician had initially determined a 23-hour observationwas required, the process is similar to that described above exceptrather than the URCM nurse notifying the emergency room, the nursepreferably completes a bed registration and transmits or makes availableto a record administrator the data contained therein. After the patientis transferred to the hospital 111, the URCM nurse affiliated with thehospital can assume responsibility for the patient.

The remote physician, during emergency medical service delivery, canalternatively advise referral for non-emergency managed care via remotespecialist physician medical service delivery. In such case, the remotephysician notifies the customer facility provider and the URCM nurse.The procedures for such non-emergency medical care via remote physicianmedical service delivery are described later (see block 620, FIG. 12A).

Further, the remote physician can return the patient to the facilityprovider for routine care. In such case, the remote physician notifiesthe provider at the customer facility or site 33 and the URCM nurse. TheURCM nurse updates and closes the case in MDMS, and the facilitypersonnel manage scheduling further routine care with the facilityprovider.

Still further, the remote physician can return medical service deliveryfor the patient to the provider at the customer facility or site 33,recommending no further action. Again, the remote physician notifies thefacility provider and the URCM nurse of the patient's disposition. TheURCM nurse updates and closes the case in MDMS, and the patient isrestored to routine care with the facility provider.

As shown in FIG. 11, in an embodiment of the present invention, providedis a method of providing routine enhanced hospital medical servicesdelivery to a patient being serviced in a customer facility 33 having amedical service provider. According to an embodiment of the presentinvention, the method includes a resident facility provider firstassessing the patient using pre-established protocols to therebydetermine a proposed patient medical treatment according to a proposedtreatment plan (block 581). If the medical service provider determinesthe patient should be transported to an external medical treatmentfacility (block 582), such as, for example, a community or contracthospital 111, the provider contacts, preferably via telephone, a URCMnurse and requests the proposed patient medical treatment at the desiredhospital 111 (block 583). Information provided preferably includespatient clinical data about the patient's condition, the hospitalselected, and the type of medical service to be provided by the hospital111, e.g., emergency room evaluations, 23-hour observations, andoutpatient procedures, and admissions.

The URCM nurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical servicesserver 43 to display predetermined hospital admission screeningcriteria, to thereby evaluate the request (block 585), comparing thepatient clinical data against the predetermined community hospitaladmission screening criteria. The nurse determines if the treatment isauthorized (block 587) and, if authorized, the nurse can furtherdetermine if the facility is optimal (block 589), i.e., if an alternatefacility is more appropriate due to such factors as cost, location, orquality of care. To do so, the nurse can access an online resourcemanual providing alternate hospital data.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the URCMnurse is empowered to discuss alternative facilities with the medicalservice provider (block 591), the provider, however, ultimately havingthe final say. The nurse records the requested patient treatment and theevaluation results along with the approval data and associated variancedata, if any, in the MDMS record 89 (block 593). The nurse informs themedical service provider of whether the requested patient medicaltreatment is approved. If the treatment was approved (block 595), thenurse procures or helps procure patient transportation to the selectedhospital (block 597) and provides the selected hospitalpre-certification data (block 599). Periodically, preferably every twoto three hours, the URCM nurse contacts the hospital 111 to obtainfollow-up patient disposition data (block 600), recording such data inthe MDMS record 89.

As shown in FIG. 12A, in an embodiment of the present invention,provided is a method of delivering enhanced non-emergency medicalservices in the form of scheduled medical services to a patient beingserviced in a customer facility or site 33 having a medical serviceprovider. According to the preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the method includes a resident facility medical servicesprovider first assessing a patient presented to the provider usingpre-established protocols to assist in treatment plan determination(block 601). Such medical services include but are not limited toreferrals to external medical treatment facility specialists, follow-upappointments, outpatient procedures, day surgeries, and scheduledadmissions.

If medical services are determined warranted (block 603), a facilitymedical services provider enters the patient's clinical data in arespective patient electronic medical record 49 (block 605) and afacility member enters a request for the desired medical service in anMSRS record 85 (block 607). A preferably remotely located URCM nursereviews the requests for services periodically or when specificallycontacted (block 609), and evaluates (block 611) the medical servicerequests using appropriate pre-selected screening criteria. The URCMnurse opens a case, reviews patient health information for the patientfrom the patient electronic medical record 49, and documents/records ina respective MOMS record 89 the medical service request, associatedclinical data, and the evaluation results.

Depending upon the type of medical services request, the URCM nursegenerally has three major choices when evaluating such requests:authorize remote physician medical service delivery; authorizeface-to-face medical service delivery; or propose an alternative to therequesting facility provider or physician. For example, if the requestedservice is for remote specialist physician medical services and isevaluated to be authorized (block 613), the URCM nurse can approve therequest (block 640, FIG. 12C). Alternatively, the URCM nurse canrecommend alternatives, described later (see block 660, FIG. 12D).

As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, if the remote services are approved(block 620), the URCM nurse updates the MDMS record 89, documenting theapproval data and associated variance data, if any (block 621), andcloses the MSRS case, updating the request status by appending theapproval data to the request (block 623). The remote medical servicesprogram product 51, in response to the authorization data in the MDMSrecord 89, can automatically generate an authorization, preferably inelectronic form, such as, for example, e-mail notification, otherelectronic media known to those skilled in the art, or alternatively inthe form of a hard-copy printout. The authorization includes data suchas, for example, priority (expedite or routine), sending facility,receiving physician, and any special patient instructions. The URCMnurse indicates approval of the remote physician medical servicesrequest in the respective patient electronic medical record 49 and inthe MSRS record 85, assigns the approved appointment an appointment anurgency level, and communicates the approval to the scheduler (block625). According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention,the urgency levels include the categories of “urgent” (preferablydefined as that required no later than the next day), “expedite”(preferably defined as that required within the next 30 days), and“routine” (preferably defined as that required within the next 120days).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a schedulerretrieves or is otherwise provided the authorization and schedules theapproved medical services requested by the facility medical serviceprovider. The scheduler makes the appointment, according to the urgencylevel, for the requested medical services using a medical servicesscheduling and inpatient record program product, and accesses the MSRSrecord 85 to update the request with the appointment data (block 629).The facility medical services provider accesses the MSRS records 85 atleast daily to determine if requests have been approved. The remotephysician, generally a specialist, reviews the patient electronicmedical record 49 (block 631) and provides the necessary services viathe remote medical service delivery suite 35 (block 633). During and/orafter the medical service delivery encounter, the remote physicianenters the encounter data into the patient electronic medical record 49(block 635), including patient disposition (block 637). This can beaccomplished either through typing or speech dictation software.

There are several remote disposition options available to the physician.For example, the remote physician can recommend additional remotespecialist physician medical service delivery. The remote physicianpreferably notifies the provider at the customer facility or site 33 andthe URCM nurse of the selection, preferably via a clinical note in theelectronic medical record 49. The remote physician can also e-mail orotherwise make available the encounter data for review by the URCMnurse. The URCM nurse generally either approves the advised services, asdescribed above (see block 620), or recommends alternative care, as willbe described later (see block 660, FIG. 12D). The remote physician canreturn the patient to the facility provider for routine care. In suchcase, the remote physician notifies the provider at the customerfacility or site 33 and the URCM nurse. The URCM nurse updates andcloses the case in MDMS, and the facility personnel manage schedulingfurther routine care with the facility provider. Further, the remotephysician can return the patient recommending no further action. Again,the remote physician notifies the provider at the customer facility orsite 33 and the URCM nurse. The URCM nurse updates and closes the casein MDMS, and the patient is restored to routine care with the facilityprovider. Still further, the remote physician can advise managing fordirect emergency or urgent transport to an appropriate hospital, asdescribed previously. Additionally, the remote physician can advisetransit for direct face-to-face medical care, described below.

As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12C, if the requested service is forface-to-face specialist physician medical services and is evaluated tobe authorized (block 639), the URCM nurse can approve the request (block640). Alternatively, the URCM nurse can recommend and approve remotespecialist physician medical service delivery (see block 620, FIG. 12B),or recommend alternatives, described later (see block 660, FIG. 12D).Note, according to an embodiment of the present invention, if thetreatment plan includes a face-to-face referral to a specialist and thespecialty is supported by remote physician medical service delivery, therequested medical referral service will be delivered via remote medicalservices delivery (e.g. remote specialist physician medical servicedelivery) prior to a determination that further face-to-face specialistservices are required at an external medical treatment facility.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the face-to-facemedical services are authorized and approved, the URCM nurse updates theMDMS record 89, documenting the approval data and associated variancedata, if any (block 641), and closes the MSRS case, updating the requeststatus by appending the approval data to the request (block 643). Asdescribed previously, the remote medical services program product 51, inresponse to the authorization data in the MDMS record 89, canautomatically generate an authorization preferably in electronic formsuch as, for example, e-mail notification, other electronic media knownto those skilled in the art, or alternatively in the form of a hard-copyprintout. URCM nurse or scheduler can schedule the visit with theface-to-face specialist (block 645).

The URCM nurse or scheduler also can create a request for patienttransport, if required. If the appointment is within seven days, thescheduler preferably either e-mails or otherwise provides a patienttransport request to transportation personnel. If scheduled by ascheduler, the scheduler can provided appointment data to either theURCM nurse or a clerk who then accesses the MDMS record 89 and updatesthe medical services request by adding the appointment data. Note, in acorrectional facility example, when the facility medical servicesprovider enters a request for medical services to be provided by anotherprison clinic, the sequence of steps is similar to those describedabove, except the scheduler is instead preferably not involved.

The specialist physician reviews the patient electronic medical record49 (block 651) and provides the necessary services via remote medicalservice delivery suite 35 (block 653). During and/or after the medicalservice delivery encounter, the remote physician enters the encounterdata into the patient electronic medical record 49 (block 655),including patient disposition (block 657). There are several remotedisposition options available to the specialist physician. Thespecialist physician preferably notifies the provider at the customerfacility or site 33 and the URCM nurse of the selection via a clinicalnote entered into the patient's electronic medical record 49.Preferably, the specialist physician also e-mails or otherwise makesavailable the encounter data for review by the URCM nurse. The URCMnurse generally either approves the advised services, as described above(see block 640), or recommends alternative care as will be describedlater (see block 660, FIG. 12D).

The specialist physician can recommend additional face-to-facespecialist physician medical service delivery. Alternatively, thespecialist physician can instead recommend additional remote specialistphysician medical service delivery for approval by the URCM nurse, asdescribed above (see block 620, FIG. 12B). Further, the specialistphysician can return the patient to the facility provider for routinecare. In such case, the remote physician notifies the provider at thecustomer facility or site 33 and the URCM nurse. The URCM nurse updatesand closes the case in the MDMS, and the facility personnel managescheduling further routine care with the facility provider. Stillfurther, the specialist physician can return medical service deliveryresponsibility for the patient to the provider at the facility or site33, recommending no further action. The specialist physician notifiesthe provider at the customer facility or site 33 and the URCM nurse. TheURCM nurse updates and closes the case in the MDMS, and the patient isrestored to routine care with the facility provider:

As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12D, the URCM nurse, performing the functionof utilization review, can communicate to the provider recommendationsfor alternative medical services (block 661). For example, the URCMnurse can recommend the provision of additional medical services by afacility provider primary care physician rather than a remote specialistphysician or recommend monitoring the patient in a facility infirmary,rather than transfer to an external hospital 111. These recommendationscan take the form of discussions and negotiations with the requestingphysician. Regardless of the recommendations, the URCM nurse updates thecase in MDMS (block 663), closes the case in the MSRS (block 665), andupdates data in the patient electronic medical record 49 (block 667).Unless one of the above described medical services is selected as aresult of discussions with the requesting physician, the patient isgenerally restored to routine care with the facility provider.

Advantageously, according to embodiment of the present invention thesystem 30 provides for an active review process which maximizesinformation flow and allows for enhanced management of serviceutilization at facility affiliated hospitals 111, and thus, improvedmanagement of patient costs. The URCM nurse, performing the function ofcase management, accesses facility affiliated MSDS records 89 orelectronic medical records 49 to generate a daily census report whichlists all admitted patients. The nurse then performs a daily case reviewfor each patient listed on the report in order to update the status ofeach respective patient, to thereby determine if the treatment plan isbeing followed and to provide authorizations if the treatment plan hasbeen modified.

The URCM nurse accesses the MDMS records 89 for each respective patient,reviews previous case notes, and gathers information about the ongoingtreatment of the patients from the hospital medical service provider andthe MDMS records 89. The nurse also reviews any “paper” records notentered in the respective patient's electronic medical record 49 andconsults the hospital medical service provider, if required, todetermine if the treatment plan has been modified. The nurse alsoaccesses laboratory, radiology, anthology, and procedure scheduling datato determine if, for example, the provider's laboratory and radiologyorders are being filled promptly and if the provider is obtaining andreviewing the results promptly. This information is used to update thepatient's case notes in the MDMS record 89. If the treatment plan \vasaltered, the nurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical servicesserver 43, displays predetermined screening criteria, and compares thetreatment plan updates to the predetermined screening criteria. The URCMnurse determines if the updates are authorized and enters approval dataand variance data, if any, into the MDMS record 89.

Note, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, asnoted above, each facility-affiliated hospital 111 has its own URCMnurse. The facility affiliated hospital URCM nurse can provideauthorizations needed for the patients at the hospital clinic. After thehospital provider has performed medical services on the patient, thisnurse can review the provider's notes to determine if additionalprocedures, admissions, or appointments have been requested. Similar tothe procedures for the remote URCM nurse, the hospital affiliated URCMnurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical services server 43,displays predetermined screening criteria, and compares the requests tothe predetermined screening criteria. The nurse determines if therequests are authorized and enters approval data and variance data, ifany, into the MDMS record 89. The nurse also reviews provider notes fromany remote physician medical services delivery and providesauthorizations, if required.

As shown in FIG. 13, in an embodiment of the present invention, providedis a method of providing enhanced medical services delivery in the formof medical services to a patient prison inmate being serviced in medicaltreatment facility having a medical service provider. The medicaltreatment facility can include, for example, a prison clinic 34, acommunity hospital 111, or a prison affiliated hospital 111. Accordingto the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the methodincludes a resident facility medical services provider first contacting,preferably via telephone, a remotely positioned URCM nurse, requestinginfirmary placement (block 671). The nurse records the requested patienttransfer and patient condition data in a MDMS record 89 (block 673). TheURCM nurse accesses the memory 45 of a remote medical services server43, displays predetermined screening criteria, and compares thecollected data to the predetermined screening criteria. Using thepredetermined screening criteria, the nurse determines the medicalnecessity and level of care needed and to authorize the infirmaryplacement (block 675). If authorized, the nurse selects the appropriateinfirmary according to predetermined criteria such, as, for example, thepatient's medical needs, patient's custody status, geographic locationof the infirmary, and infirmary that availability. To do so, the nursecan access an online resource manual and a bed availability board. Theapproval data and variance data, if any, are recorded in the MDMS record89 (block 677). The nurse, during the telephone call, can inform themedical service provider of whether the requested infirmary is approved.

If the treatment was approved, the nurse provides the selected infirmaryclinical data about the patient and procures patient transportation tothe selected infirmary (block 679). Transportation procurement ispreferably accomplished by sending a copy of the request (e-mail orfax), providing a transportation specialist (e.g. EMS dispatch) patientdata (e.g., age, race, custody status, and isolation status). The nursealso preferably verifies receipt of the request through a follow-uptelephone call. Note, the nurse preferably need not perform thetransportation request step if the patient is being transferred from afacility clinic 34 to a facility infirmary, as arrangements arepreferably made by the sending facility clinic 34. The URCM nurseroutinely obtains follow-up patient disposition data on the patientplaced in the infirmary, recording such data in the information diary ofthe MDMS record 89. The frequency of obtaining follow-up data isgenerally dictated by factors such as, for example, level of carerequired, acute, diagnosis, and the attributes of the selectedinfirmary.

Advantageously, according to an embodiment of the present invention, thesystem 30 provides for an active review process which maximizesinformation flow and allows for enhanced management of serviceutilization at the prison infirmaries, and thus, improved management ofpatient costs. The prison infirmary, preferably via e-mail or otherelectronic means, sends daily census reports to the URCM nurse. Thenurse accesses the MDMS records 89 for those patients having opendispositions to generate a facility compliance report. Utilizing theprison infirmary census reports and facility compliance reports, thenurse determines which cases need to be reviewed. The review processincludes reviewing patient case notes from the MDMS records 89 andcontacting infirmary personnel to gather additional patient status data,such as, for example, patient status updates, patient response tomedications, and rehabilitation process. The case notes are then updatedby entering the gathered patient status data into the MDMS record casenotes. The URCM nurse further accesses the memory 45 of a remote medicalservices server 43, displays predetermined screening criteria, andcompares the collected data to the predetermined screening criteria. Thenurse then enters approval data and variance data, if any, into the MDMSrecord 89. Note, the prison infirmary census reports are also usedupdate the bed availability board which is used during infirmaryplacement, described above.

Advantageously, various embodiments of the present invention alsoinclude procedures where either a remote, customer facility affiliated,or hospital affiliated URCM nurse determines that a medical serviceprovider request fails to meet applicable predetermined screeningcriteria. For example, with respect to a customer correctional facility,the respective URCM nurse may determine that a request requiresadditional information or that a physician advisor must, and has not,reviewed the request. In such situation, the URCM nurse enters in theMDMS record 89 the status and any necessary supporting information and,according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, asdescribed above, accesses the respective MSRS record 85 and updates therequest information by suspending the request and providing anexplanation. The medical service provider accesses the MSRS records 85daily to determine the status of any outstanding requests. If thesuspension is due to a requirement for additional information, themedical service provider is given a predetermined time period in whichto respond, e.g., 14 days, by providing the additional requestedinformation. If the additional information is not provided within thepredetermined time period, the nurse closes the request by updating thestatus information in the MDMS record 89.

Periodically, the remotely located URCM nurse accesses the MDMS records89 to generate the suspended request report. For requests suspended dueto an additional information requirement, the nurse determines if suchadditional information is provided and if the information is adequateaccording to the predetermined screening criteria. If the request isauthorized, medical services are provided as described above. If thereis still insufficient information to pass the screening criteria, therequest is suspended for review by a physician advisor. In eithersituation, the nurse updates the request status in the MDMS record 89.

If the request was suspended for a previously requested physicianadvisor review, a notification letter to the physician advisorautomatically prints out or otherwise delivered. According to thepreferred embodiment of the present invention, the URCM nursehand-carries a notification letter to the physician advisor who reviewsthe case and either approves or denies the request. The physicianadvisor's decision is provided to the nurse who then accesses the MDMSrecord 89 to update the request status accordingly. If the request isapproved, medical services are provided, as described previously. If therequest is denied, a letter notifying the medical service provider ofthe denial and an appeal is automatically printed or otherwisetransmitted. The transmittal of the notification letter is documented.

If an appeal is made, the nurse accesses the MDMS records 89 and updatesthe request status to reflect the appeal. The physician advisor isprovided a copy of or access to the appeal, which is then reviewedbefore a utilization review committee meeting where the request iseither approved or denied. The results of the committee meeting areentered into the MDMS records 89, entry of which automatically generatesa decision notification letter, which is sent or otherwise transmittedto the medical services provider, preferably by the URCM nurse. If therequest is approved, medical services are provided as described above.If denied, additional appeals in accordance with predeterminedprocedures can be authorized. Regardless, the MDMS record 89 is updatedto reflect the status of the request.

As shown in FIG. 14, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, the system 30 includes various methods that can include thesteps associated with providing laboratory services. For example, usinga correctional facility customer for illustrative purposes only, amedical service provider at a facility clinic 34 can review a patient'selectronic medical record 49 and create the appropriate laboratory order(block 681). The functionality in the remote medical services programproduct 51 checks for duplicate laboratory orders and checks for patientallergies (block 683). When the check is complete, the system prints outa laboratory order and labels for a sample (block 685). A technicianthen retrieves the laboratory order, collects the sample, sends theorders, associated samples, and log of the samples to the laboratory 115(block 687). At the laboratory 115, the laboratory orders are enteredinto the system, tests are conducted, and the results are recorded(block 689). The laboratory results are then preferably electronicallytransmitted (block 701) and/or provided to the medical service providerat the facility clinic 34. The laboratory results are then directlyadded to an associated patient's electronic medical record 49 (block703), or if provided via hard-copy, the laboratory results are scannedand added to the patient's electronic medical record 49 or “typed”directly into the record 49.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the system 30includes various methods that can include the steps associated withproviding in-transit medical service information management. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 15, in an embodiment of the present invention,medical services are provided to patients in transit. Such services caninclude, for example, monitoring patient medications duringtransportation to a hospital 111 through discharge from the hospital111. The patient and patient's records are transported to the hospital111 (block 711). Any medications consumed en route are tracked in apatient's paper record (block 713). Upon arrival at the hospital 111, aphysician reviews the patient's prescriptions and determines whichprescriptions to maintain while at the hospital 111 and prescribes anyfurther required medications (block 715). If the hospital 111 does notsupport the electronic medical records 49, the prescriptions are enteredin the hospital pharmaceutical system, which are reviewed and/orapproved by the pharmacist (block 717). Approval may or may not requirea discussion with the physician. Typically, a medication record isprinted with the medications that are issued from the hospital pharmacy(block 719). When the medications are consumed, a hospital technicianrecords compliance in the medication record (block 801). Upon discharge,the physician creates a discharge order and the pharmacist reviews theordered medications compared to a displayed formulary table (block 803).

According to various embodiments of the present invention,advantageously the system 30 also includes various methods that caninclude the steps associated with enrolling patients in the system 30.For example, the method can include transmitting or otherwise renderingavailable an enrollment file to the remote medical services server 43.The method can also include providing an enrollment processing programproduct (not shown) to perform error checking on the enrollment data, toprocess error-free entries, and to format the data for storage in MDMSrecords 89 and to transmit the formatted data to a remote medicalservices program product interface (not shown). The remote medicalservices program product interface performs additional formatting toeither initialize new electronic medical records 49 or updatepre-existing electronic medical records 49. Note, with respect to acorrectional facility example, enrollment data can be provided for eachnew prison inmate upon entry or re-entry in the penal system orjust-in-time when a prison inmate actually need medical care.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the system 30also includes various methods that can include the steps associated withreport generation and administration of the system 30. For example,functionality within the remote medical services program product 51allows access to data within the electronic medical records 49 toformulate reports such as, for example, to allow for invoicing, invoiceapproval, formation of co-pay reports, and combine the data from thevarious reports.

As shown in FIG. 16, various embodiments of the present inventioninclude a method of generating revenue from and reducing physician costsin providing medical services to a customer facility or site 33 such as,for example, correctional facility having a patient clinic 34. Themethod can include procuring a preferably broadband dedicated or securecommunication network (block 811) between a remote physician facility orsite 31, housing at least one but preferably a plurality of remotephysician medical service delivery suits 35, to define a physician'sprivate network 39. Although various types of network architecture arewithin the scope of the present invention, if available, utilizing T-1lines each serially connected between a central remote physician site 31and the customer site 33 has distinct advantages.

According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, theabove step is performed separately for each customer to provide eachcustomer a substantially similar dedicated connection between thephysician site 31 and a respective customer site 33. According to thepreferred embodiment of the present invention, each customer site 33,even if owned by the same customer, is provided individual privatephysician network connections such that each customer site 33 is notnormally afforded access to each other customer site 33. Note, otherforms of communication network architecture such as, for example,satellite, cable, DSL, or ISDN, are within the scope of the presentinvention. For example, a virtual private network tunnel can beestablished over the Internet or one of the other forms of broadband.Note also, for the correctional facility example, if a land-based lineis selected, the step includes coordinating with correctional facilitysite managers to provide access for the land-based line to enter thefacility 33.

The communication link is then connected to a customer area network(block 813). The patient medical service delivery station 37, used toperform remote medical service delivery, and the customer computer orworkstation 91, used by customer site medical service providers toaccess the electronic medical records 49, are correspondingly connectedto the facility's area network (not shown). Note, this step includescoordinating with and providing a time limit to customer site personnelfor the placement of at least one but preferably multiple patientmedical service delivery stations 37. Positioning of the communicationlink may depend upon the physical location of the patient medicalservice delivery stations 37 depending upon the size of the customerfacility or site 33 and/or customer preference. Depending upon thedesired level of security and the network architecture selected,encryption devices (not shown) either in the form of hardware orsoftware are then installed (block 815) at each end of the physician'sprivate network 39 to prevent outside-network access. To completeestablishment of communications between the remote physician facility 31and the customer facility or site 33, an account number is establishedfor each autonomous customer facility or site 33, each account numberassigned an IP address and password (block 817).

Patient electronic medical records 49 are then established in astructured database 37 for each pre-identified patient and/or potentialpatient (prison inmate) in the correctional facility (block 819). Thedatabase 37, either physically or through software, is partitioned suchthat only entities connected to the individual customer's physician'sprivate network 39 can access the electronic medical records 49.Specifically, with respect to a correctional facility, this furtherincludes partitioning the database 47 such that individual prisons, evenif owned or managed by the same customer entity, are preferably unableto access the records for other prisons.

A communications interface is then established with a remote medicalservices program product 51 (block 821) stored in memory 45 of theremote medical services server 43 associated with the central remotephysician facility or site 31, the interface adapted to accept remoteinput from correctional facility medical personnel to access the patientelectronic medical records 49. Further, a communications interface isestablished between a remote physician medical service delivery suite 35(block 823) located at the central remote physician facility 31 and thepatient medical service delivery station 37 positioned in the customerfacility 33, the communications interface adapted to provide a video andaudio connection between the remote physician medical service deliverysuite 35 and the patient medical service delivery station 37.

As shown in FIG. 17, various embodiments of the present inventioninclude a method of generating revenue from a patient medicationcompliance knowledgebase. The method can include providing a database 37stored in memory of a computer for maintaining a plurality of patientspecific electronic medical records 49 for individual patients, therecords 49 including data indicating a patient medication prescriptionhistory for a plurality of prescribed medications having a predeterminedset of delivery attributes, (e.g. route, dose, frequency) and acorresponding patient prescription administration compliance history forthe prescribed medications (block 831). The method also includesproviding access to the database 37 to perform a statistical analysisstudy on one or more of the prescribed medications, the study includinganalysis of medication compliance with at least one of the deliveryattributes (block 833). Advantageously, in the preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, the database 37 can consist almost entirely ofprison inmates whose medication compliance has been strictly monitored,adding a significant level of reliability to the database knowledge.Advantageously, the method can alternatively include performing astatistical study to determine a patient cost index (block 835) forenhancing remote medical service contract bidding and to forecastexpected individual patient medical costs based on patient demographics,patient medical history, and historic patient medication administrationcompliance.

The method can also include removing patient identification data fromthe electronic medical records 49 to convert the plurality of patientspecific electronic medical records 49 into a plurality of anonymouselectronic medical records (block 837) to thereby form substantiallyinstantaneously a plurality of study test groups and historic test datafor each of the plurality of study test groups (block 839), andperforming a statistical study on at least a portion of the plurality ofanonymous electronic medical records for at least one of the pluralityof medications (block 901).

It is important to note that while the foregoing embodiments of thepresent invention have been described in the context of a fullyfunctional system and process, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the mechanism of at least portions of the present invention and/oraspects thereof are capable of being distributed in the form of acomputer readable medium in a variety of forms storing a set ofinstructions for execution on a processor, processors, or the like; andthat embodiments of the present invention apply equally regardless ofthe particular type of media used to actually carry out thedistribution. Examples of the computer readable media include, but arenot limited to: nonvolatile, hard-coded type media such as read onlymemories (ROMs), CD-ROMs, and DVD-ROMs, or erasable, electricallyprogrammable read only memories (EEPROMs), recordable type media such asfloppy disks, hard disk drives, CD-R/RWs, DVD-RAMs, DVD-R/RWs,DVD+R/RWs, HD-DVDs, memory sticks, mini disks, laser disks, Blu-raydisks, flash drives, and other newer types of memories, and certaintypes of transmission type media such as, for example, digital andanalog communication links capable of storing the set of instructions.Such media can contain, for example, both operating instructions and theoperations instructions related to the program product 51 and thecomputer executable portions of the method steps according to thevarious embodiments of a method of providing enhanced medical servicesdelivery, described above

As shown in FIGS. 1A-17, various embodiments of the present inventionalso include a computer readable medium that is readable by a computerto provide enhanced medical services delivery by a remote physician to apatient being serviced in a facility 33 having a patient medical servicedelivery station 37. For example, in an embodiment of the presentinvention, the computer readable medium includes a set of instructionsthat, when executed by the computer or computers, cause the computer orcomputers to perform the operations of: establishing a communicationslink in between a remote physician medical service delivery suite 35 andthe patient medical service delivery station 37 through a communicationsnetwork 39; displaying on a first remote physician medical servicedelivery suite video screen 57 an electronic medical record 49 of thepatient; and displaying on a second remote physician medical servicedelivery suite video screen 55, 55′, a real-time video image of thepatient transmitted from the patient medical service delivery station37, simultaneously while displaying the electronic medical record 49.The set of instructions can also cause the computer to perform theoperation of displaying on a third remote physician medical servicedelivery suite video screen 59, 60, at least one of the following: areal-time visual image of non-electronically stored documents,electronic stethoscope data, and multi-functional videoscope data,transmitted from the patient medical service delivery station 37.

Also for example, in an embodiment of the present invention, thecomputer readable medium includes a set of instructions that, whenexecuted by the computer or computers, cause the computer or computersto perform the operations of capturing video images of the a remotephysician to display to a patient positioned at a patient medicalservice delivery station 37; displaying patient areas of interestcaptured by a patient medical service delivery station video inputdevice 65; and displaying a patient electronic medical record 49 of thepatient so that the remote physician can review current patient medicaladministration data and can enter additional patient medicaladministration data. The instructions that, when executed by thecomputer, cause the computer to display patient areas of interestfurther can cause the computer to perform the following operations:displaying to the remote physician on a first video display 55 a nearimage of the patient area of interest when providing remote physicianmedical services, and displaying to the remote physician on a secondvideo display a far image 55′ of the patient area of interest,simultaneously, when providing the remote physician medical services.Further, the instructions that, when executed by the computer, cause thecomputer to display a patient electronic medical record 49 can furthercause the computer to perform the operation of displaying the electronicmedical record 49 to the remote physician on a third video display 57when providing the remote physician medical services.

This patent application is a continuation of and claims priority to andthe benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/415,936, now U.S.Pat. No. ______ filed on May 2, 2006, titled “System, Method and ProgramProduct for Delivering Medical Services From A Remote Location,” whichclaims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/677,709, filed May 4, 2005, titled “System, Methodand Program Product for Delivering Medical Services From A RemoteLocation”, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed a typicalpreferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms areemployed, the terms are used in a descriptive sense only and not forpurposes of limitation. The invention has been described in considerabledetail with specific reference to these illustrated embodiments. It willbe apparent, however, that various modifications and changes can be madewithin the spirit and scope of the invention as described in theforegoing specification and as defined in the appended claims.

1. A method of providing enhanced medical services delivery by a remotephysician to geographically distributed patients by a remotely separatedphysician located at a remote physician site, the method comprising thesteps of: initiating a remote physician medical service deliveryencounter by connecting a remote physician medical service deliverysuite with a patient medical service delivery station through acommunication network; displaying a real-time live near video image of apatient area of interest of a patient on a first remote physicianmedical service delivery suite video display screen of a plurality ofremote physician medical service delivery suite video display screens,the real-time live near video image received from the patient medicalservice delivery station; displaying a real-time live far video image ofthe patient area of interest of the patient being examined by the remotephysician on a second remote physician medical service delivery suitevideo display screen, the real-time live far video image received fromthe patient medical service delivery station; and displaying anelectronic medical record of the selected patient on a third remotephysician medical service delivery suite video display screen,simultaneously displaying the electronic medical record, the real-timelive near video image of the patient area of interest being examined bythe remote physician, and the real-time live far video image of thepatient area of interest being examined by the remote physician.
 2. Amethod as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: providingpoint-of-care laboratory data to the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite, transmitted from the patient medical service deliverystation; and displaying the point-of-care laboratory data on a fourthremote physician medical service delivery suite video display screen ofthe plurality of remote physician medical service delivery suite videodisplay screens, when simultaneously displaying the real-time near videoimage on the first emote physician medical service delivery suite videodisplay screen; the real-time far video image on the second emotephysician medical service delivery suite video display screen, and theelectronic medical record on the third emote physician medical servicedelivery suite video display screen.
 3. A method as defined in claim 1,further comprising the step of: remotely controlling a remotelycontrollable patient medical service delivery station video input deviceby the remote physician to capture patient video images of the patient,when simultaneously displaying the real-time near video image, thereal-time far video image, and the electronic medical record.
 4. Amethod as defined in claim 1, further comprising the step of: providingautomated encounter document creation to include providing real-timerecord transcriptions and preformatted remote services deliverytemplates selectable by the remote physician to thereby produce anencounter record of the remote physician medical service deliveryencounter.
 5. A method as defined in claim 1, further comprising thesteps of: producing an encounter record of the remote physician medicalservice delivery encounter by an automated encounter document creatorconfigured to provide automated encounter document creation; providing autilization review or case management nurse access to the encounterrecord; and reviewing by the utilization review or case management nursedata comprising the encounter record to determine if additional medicalservices were requested and to perform a utilization review of theremote physician medical consultation encounter.
 6. A method as definedin claim 1, further comprising the step of: generating an automatedpatient medical services request authorization responsive to approvaldata recordation and responsive to a patient medical services requestevaluation to include the step of comparing patient clinical informationcontained in the patient medical services request against predeterminedscreening criteria.
 7. A method as defined in claim 1, furthercomprising the steps of: evaluating a patient medical services request,the evaluation including the step of comparing patient clinicalinformation contained in the patient medical services request againstpredetermined screening criteria; generating a patient medical servicesrequest authorization for a remote patient medical service encounterwith a scheduled remote specialist physician via an automated processresponsive to the patient medical services request evaluation andresponsive to approval data recordation; accessing a patient electronicmedical record and admitting the patient to add the patient to a remotephysician medical service delivery schedule to thereby initiate theremote patient medical service encounter with the scheduled remotespecialist physician; and providing the remote patient medical servicedelivery through the patient medical service delivery station and theremote physician medical service delivery suite remotely positioned withthe scheduled remote specialist physician.
 8. A method as defined inclaim 1, further comprising the steps of: requesting by a medicalservice provider a remote physician medical service deliveryconsultation referral; providing consultation to the patient and themedical service provider during the remote physician medical servicedelivery encounter; receiving feedback real-time from the patient andthe medical service provider during the remote physician medical servicedelivery encounter responsive to the consultation; recording datasummarizing the remote physician medical consultation encounter; andupdating a remote physician medical consultation referral request by ascheduler with results of the remote physician medical service deliveryencounter.
 9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the patientmedical service delivery station is located at a patient clinic staffedby a patient clinic physician, the method further comprising the stepof: assigning the patient clinic physician to the remote physicianmedical service delivery suite positioned at a remote physician sitelocated remote from the patient clinic and the patient medical servicedelivery station; and wherein the step of initiating a remote physicianmedical service delivery encounter further comprises the step of thepatient clinic physician providing the remote medical service deliveryto the patient responsive to the patient clinic physician beingtemporarily afflicted with a medical condition preventing provision ofin-person patient medical services at the patient clinic, negating aneed to provide an on-site replacement patient clinic physician, tothereby enhance physician-patient appointment attendance and reducephysician employment costs.
 10. A non-transitory computer readablemedium that is readable by a computer to provide enhanced medicalservices delivery by a remote physician to geographically distributedpatients by a remotely separated physician located at a remote physiciansite, the computer readable medium storing a set of instructions thatwhen executed by the computer, cause the computer to perform thefollowing operations: establishing a communications link between aremote physician medical service delivery suite and the patient medicalservice delivery station through a communications network; providingdata to display a real-time near video image of a patient area ofinterest being examined by a remote physician received from the patientmedical service delivery station, the real-time near video image of apatient area of interest being examined by the remote physician beingdisplayed on a first remote physician medical service delivery suitevideo display screen; providing data to display a real-time far videoimage of the patient area of interest being examined by the remotephysician received from the patient medical service delivery station,the real-time far video image of the patient area of interest beingexamined by the remote physician being displayed on a second remotephysician medical service delivery suite video display screen; andproviding data to display a patient electronic medical record of thepatient on a third remote physician medical service delivery suite videodisplay screen; simultaneously displaying the electronic medical recordand both the real-time near video image and real-time far video image ofthe patient area of interest being examined to the remote physician whenthe remote physician is providing remote physician medical servicesresponsive to operation of the remote physician medical service deliverysuite in communication with the patient medical service deliverystation.
 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium as defined inclaim 10, wherein the operations further comprise: providingpoint-of-care laboratory data to the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite, received from the patient medical service deliverystation; and providing data to display the point-of-care laboratory dataon a fourth remote physician medical service delivery suite videodisplay screen of the plurality of remote physician medical servicedelivery suite video display screens, when simultaneously displaying thereal-time near video image, the real-time far video image, and theelectronic medical record.
 12. A non-transitory computer readable mediumas defined in claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:providing data to remotely control a remotely controllable patientmedical service delivery station video input device by the remotephysician to capture patient video images of the patient, whensimultaneously displaying the real-time near video image, the real-timefar video image, and the electronic medical record.
 13. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium as defined in claim 10, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: providing automated encounter document creation toinclude providing real-time record transcriptions and preformattedremote medical services delivery templates selectable by the remotephysician to thereby produce an encounter record of the remote physicianmedical service delivery encounter.
 14. A non-transitory computerreadable medium as defined in claim 10, wherein the operations furthercomprise: generating an automated patient medical services requestauthorization responsive to approval data recordation and responsive topatient medical services request evaluation data to include theoperation of performing an automated comparison of patient clinicalinformation contained in the patient medical services request againstpredetermined screening criteria.
 15. A non-transitory computer readablemedium as defined in claim 10, wherein the operation of providing datato display a patient electronic medical record includes the operationsof providing data to display portions of the electronic medical recordto the remote physician on two separate video display screens when theremote physician is providing the remote physician medical services. 16.A non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 10,wherein the operations further comprise: providing a laboratory alimited access communications link to the electronic medical records toprovide for updating the electronic medical records with laboratorydata.
 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim10, wherein the operations further comprise: providing to the remotephysician medical service delivery suite multi-functional video scopedata received from the patient medical service delivery station, themulti-functional video scope data providing an electronic visualizationof the patient's ear, nose, and throat; providing data to display themulti-functional video scope data received from the patient medicalservice delivery station on a fourth remote physician medical servicedelivery suite video display screen of the plurality of remote physicianmedical service delivery suite video display screens; and providing tothe remote physician medical service delivery suite, documentvisualization video data generated from a document video visualizer andreceived from the patient medical service delivery station.
 18. Anon-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 10, whereinthe operations further comprise: capturing video images of the remotephysician with a patient medical service delivery station video inputdevice positioned at the remote physician medical service delivery suiteto display video images of the remote physician to a patient facilitymedical service provider defining a physician extender positioned at apatient site containing the patient medical service delivery station toassist the remote physician and displaying the video images of theremote physician to a patient when the remote physician is providingremote physician medical services, the video images of the remotephysician displayed on a patient medical service delivery station videodisplay device positioned at the patient medical service deliverystation, the remote physician medical service delivery suite locatedremote from the facility having the patient medical service deliverystation; and providing data to display the patient areas of interestcaptured by the patient medical service delivery station video inputdevice and the video images of the remote physician captured by theremote physician medical service delivery suite video input device whenthe remote physician is providing remote physician medical services, thevideo images of patient areas of interest and the video images of theremote physician displayed on the patient medical service deliverystation video display device to thereby provide feedback to the patientand physician extender.
 19. A system of enhanced medical servicesdelivery to geographically distributed patients by a remotely separatedphysician located at a remote physician site, the system comprising: atleast one remote medical information management computer includingmemory to store data therein to thereby define a remote medical servicesserver; a patient medical service delivery station positioned at apatient location and in communication with the remote medical servicesserver through a communications network and adapted to capture patientvideo images; a remote physician medical service delivery suitepositioned remote from the patient location and in communication withthe patient medical service delivery station and the remote medicalservices server through the communications network and adapted todisplay patient video images and a respective selected patientelectronic medical record to thereby facilitate performing remotepatient medical service delivery by the remote physician through theremote physician medical service delivery suite and the patient medicalservice delivery station; the remote physician medical service deliverysuite including a plurality of video display devices, including: a firstvideo display device configured to display near images of a patient areaof interest of the selected patient, a second video display deviceconfigured to display far images of the patient area of interest of theselected patient, and at least one electronic medical record videodisplay device configured to display at least portions of the selectedpatient electronic medical record of the selected patient to the remotephysician when operating the remote physician medical service deliverysuite with the respective medical service delivery station; and a remotemedical services program product stored in the memory of the remotemedical services server and including instructions that when executed bythe remote medical services server cause the remote medical servicesserver to perform the following operations: providing data to display areal-time near video image of the selected patient received from thepatient medical service delivery station on a video screen of the firstvideo display device of the remote physician medical service deliverysuite, providing data to display a real-time far video image of thepreselected patient received from the patient medical service deliverystation on a video screen of the second video display device of theremote physician medical service delivery suite, and providing data todisplay the electronic medical record of the selected patient on a videoscreen of the at least one electronic medical record video displaydevice of the remote physician medical service delivery suite,simultaneously displaying both the real-time near and far video imagesand the electronic medical record of the patient to the remote physicianwhen, the remote physician is providing remote physician medicalservices responsive to operation of the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite with the patient medical service delivery station.
 20. Asystem as defined in claim 19, wherein the patient medical servicedelivery station comprises: a video visualizer adapted to communicatewith the remote physician medical service delivery suite, through aprivate physician's network to provide video visualization's ofdocuments to the remote physician during the remote patient medicalservice delivery; an electronic stethoscope adapted to communicate withthe remote physician medical service delivery suite, through the privatephysician's network to provide for an electronic auscultation of apreselected patient; a multi-function Medical video scope adapted tocommunicate with the remote physician medical service delivery suite,through the private physician's network to provide ear, nose, and throatvisualizations of a preselected patient to the remote physician duringremote patient medical service delivery; an ECG connected to ECG leadsadapted to communicate with the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite through the private physician's network to provideelectrocardiograph visualization of a preselected patient to the remotephysician during remote patient medical service delivery; and apoint-of-care laboratory testing device adapted to communicate with theremote physician medical service delivery suite through the privatephysician's network to provide real-time laboratory results duringprovision of the remote medical service delivery.
 21. A system asdefined in claim 19, wherein the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite further comprises: a computer having a memory andsoftware stored in the memory and adapted to control video display imageselection to define a physician command console; and an automatedencounter document creator stored in the memory of the computer andadapted to provide real-time record transcriptions and preformattedremote services delivery templates selectable by the remote physician tothereby provide automated encounter document creation.
 22. A system asdefined in claim 19, wherein the remote physician medical servicedelivery suite includes a remote physician medical service deliverysuite video input device adapted to capture remote physician videoimages; and wherein the patient medical service delivery station furthercomprises: a video input device to capture patient video images, a videodisplay device adapted to display patient video images captured by thepatient medical service delivery station video input device and videoimages of the remote physician captured by the remote physician medicalservice delivery suite video input device, to provide feedback to therespective patient and patient clinic medical service provider, and acomputer in communication with the remote medical services serverthrough the communications network and adapted to provide access to theremote medical services program product to provide for display of thepatient electronic medical record.
 23. A system as defined in claim 19,wherein the system further comprises a laboratory located remote fromthe patient treatment location and remote from the remote physician siteto provide laboratory services; and wherein the communications networkfurther comprises a limited access communications link in communicationwith the remote medical services server providing communications betweenthe laboratory and the remote physician site to thereby update theelectronic medical records with laboratory data.
 24. A system as definedin claim 19, further comprising: a medical decision monitoring systemserver configured to receive and process document medical servicesrequests, associated clinical data, medical services request evaluationresults, and proposed modifications to the medical services requestsentered by a utilization review or case management nurse; and a databaseassociated with the medical decision monitoring system server andincluding a plurality of medical decision monitoring system recordsaccessible by the utilization review or case management nurse todocument medical services requests, associated clinical data, medicalservices request evaluation results, and proposed modifications to themedical services requests.
 25. A system as defined in claim 19, furthercomprising: a customer medical information management computerpositioned at the patient location and including memory to store datatherein to thereby define a customer medical services server; aduplicate copy of the patient electronic medical records stored in thememory of the customer medical services server associated with thepatient treatment location; and wherein the remote medical servicesprogram product is further adapted to perform the following operations:maintaining the duplicate copy of associated electronic medical records,simultaneously updating both the electronic medical records stored inthe memory of the remote medical services server and the electronicmedical records stored in the memory of a respective customer medicalservices server, maintaining a log of electronic medical record changes,responsive to network interruption, and reconciling the changesresponsive to network reestablishment.